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Effluent treatments

Once waste minimization has been taken to an economic level, treatment of the resulting emissions must be considered. [Pg.299]

Combustion in an incinerator is the only practical way to deal with many waste streams.This is particularly true of solid and concentrated wastes and toxic wastes such as those containing halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, etc. Many of the toxic substances encountered resist biological degradation and persist in the natural environment for a long period of time. Unless they are in dilute aqueous solution, the most effective treatment is usually incineration. [Pg.299]


The purge usually only has value in terms of its fuel value. Alternatively, if the purge must be disposed of by effluent treatment. [Pg.246]

Additional separation and recycling. Once the possibilities for recycling streams directly, feed purification, and eliminating the use of extraneous materials for separation that cannot be recycled efiiciently have been exhausted, attention is turned to the fourth option, the degree of material recovery from the waste streams that are left. One very important point which should not be forgotten is that once the waste stream is rejected, any valuable material turns into a liability as an effluent material. The level of recovery in such situations needs careful consideration. It may be economical to carry out additional separation of the valuable material with a view to recycling that additional recovered material, particularly when the cost of downstream effluent treatment is taken into consideration. [Pg.287]

Figure 10.7 Effluent treatment costs should be included with raw materials costs when traded off against separation costs to obtain the optimal recovery. (From Smith and Petela, Chem. Eng., 513 24, 1991 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)... Figure 10.7 Effluent treatment costs should be included with raw materials costs when traded off against separation costs to obtain the optimal recovery. (From Smith and Petela, Chem. Eng., 513 24, 1991 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)...
The process is designed from a knowledge of physical concentrations, whereas aqueous effluent treatment systems are designed from a knowledge of BOD and COD. Thus we need to somehow establish the relationship between BOD, COD, and the concentration of waste streams leaving the process. Without measurements, relationships can only be established approximately. The relationship between BOD and COD is not easy to establish, since different materials will oxidize at different rates. To compound the problem, many wastes contain complex mixtures of oxidizable materials, perhaps together with chemicals that inhibit the oxidation reactions. [Pg.309]

The capital cost of most aqueous waste treatment operations is proportional to the total flow of wastewater, and the operating cost increases with decreasing concentration for a given mass of contaminant to be removed. Thus, if two streams require different treatment operations, it makes no sense to mix them and treat both streams in both treatment operations. This will increase both capital and operating costs. Rather, the streams should be segregated and treated separately in a distributed effluent treatment system. Indeed, effective primary treatment might mean that some streams do not need biological treatment at all. [Pg.310]

When viewing effluent treatment methods, it is clear that the basic problem of disposing of waste material safety is, in many cases, not so much solved but moved from one place to another. The fundamental problem is that once waste has been created, it cannot be destroyed. The waste can be concentrated or diluted, its physical or chemical form can be changed, but it cannot be destroyed. [Pg.319]

Effectiveness factor Effervescent tablets Effexor Effluents Effluent treatment Efflux viscometers... [Pg.352]

The depressed prices of most metals in world markets in the 1980s and early 1990s have slowed the development of new metal extraction processes, although the search for improved extractants continues. There is a growing interest in the use of extraction for recovery of metals from effluent streams, for example the wastes from pickling plants and electroplating (qv) plants (276). Recovery of metals from Hquid effluent has been reviewed (277), and an AM-MAR concept for metal waste recovery has recentiy been reported (278). Possible appHcations exist in this area for Hquid membrane extraction (88) as weU as conventional extraction. Other schemes proposed for effluent treatment are a wetted fiber extraction process (279) and the use of two-phase aqueous extraction (280). [Pg.81]

The principal calcium salt used as a flocculant is calcium hydroxide [1305-62-0] or lime. It has been used in water treatment for centuries (see Calcium compounds). Newer products are more effective, and its use in water and effluent treatment is declining (10). It is still used as a pH modifier and to precipitate metals as insoluble hydroxides. Lime is also sometimes used in combination with polymeric flocculants. [Pg.32]

Toxic or malodorous pollutants can be removed from industrial gas streams by reaction with hydrogen peroxide (174,175). Many Hquid-phase methods have been patented for the removal of NO gases (138,142,174,176—178), sulfur dioxide, reduced sulfur compounds, amines (154,171,172), and phenols (169). Other effluent treatments include the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and COD, color, odor (142,179,180), and chlorine concentration. [Pg.481]

Flocculation. The interaction of the cationic PEIs with anionic substrates leads to substrate flocculation. AppHcations of this property include the coagulation of latex (434), commercial appHcation in effluent treatments (435—437), and stabiHzation of highly loaded coal—water mixtures in mining (438). [Pg.13]

Caro s acid is finding increasing appHcation ia hydrometaHurgy, pulp bleaching, effluent treatment, and electronics. There are several appHcations of Caro s acid ia hydrometaHurgy. It is usually made on-site by either the isothermal or the adiabatic process. The latter method is preferred because its capital cost is less and the system is safer due to the fact that the product is used as soon as it is made. [Pg.95]

Chemical oxidation is a more recent method of effluent treatment, especially chemical effluent. This procedure uses strong oxidi2ing agents like... [Pg.301]

Methods of effluent treatment for dyes may be classified broadly into three main categories physical, chemical, and biological (1). [Pg.381]

The bubble size in these cells tends to be the smallest (10 to 50 Im) as compared to the dissolved-air and dispersed-air flotation systems. Also, very httle turbulence is created by the bubble formation. Accordingly, this method is attractive for the separation of small particles and fragile floes. To date, electroflotation has been applied to effluent treatment and sludge thickening. However, because of their bubble generation capacity, these units are found to be economically attractive for small installations in the flow-rate range of 10 to 20 mVh. Electroflotation is not expected to be suitable for potable water treatment because of the possible heavy metal contamination that can arise due to the dissolution of the electrodes. [Pg.1812]


See other pages where Effluent treatments is mentioned: [Pg.274]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.317]    [Pg.318]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.402]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.407]    [Pg.407]    [Pg.875]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.274]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.381]   
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Advanced) Effluent Treatment and Its Limitations

Bio-technology and effluent treatment

Biological treatment, effluents

Cost of Effluent Treatment

Design of the Effluent Treatment System

Dyestuffs effluent treatment

Effluent

Effluent Treatment Applications

Effluent Treatment Plant Lining

Effluent Treatment—Summary

Effluent concentrations treatment

Effluent control water-treatment process

Effluent treatment absorption

Effluent treatment activated carbon

Effluent treatment activated sludge

Effluent treatment adsorption

Effluent treatment adsorption technologies

Effluent treatment anaerobic filter

Effluent treatment and recycling

Effluent treatment aqueous emissions

Effluent treatment biological filter

Effluent treatment cementation

Effluent treatment combustion products

Effluent treatment condensation

Effluent treatment gaseous emissions

Effluent treatment incineration

Effluent treatment membrane technology

Effluent treatment methods

Effluent treatment others

Effluent treatment oxidation treatments

Effluent treatment ozone

Effluent treatment painting

Effluent treatment passivation

Effluent treatment plant improving performance

Effluent treatment precipitation

Effluent treatment primary sedimentation

Effluent treatment reverse osmosis

Effluent treatment sludge digestion

Effluent treatment system

Effluent treatment textile industry

Effluent treatment waste water

Effluent treatment with peroxygens

Effluent treatment/removal

Effluent wastewater treatment

Effluents treatment plant effluent, endocrine

Electrochemical treatment of inorganic compounds and gaseous effluents

Electrochemistry in water and effluent treatment

Galvanic Industry-Treatment of Effluents

Gaseous effluents, treatment

General treatment of effluents

Industrial, effluents treatment

Membrane bioreactors effluents treatment

Municipal sewage-treatment/effluent disposal

Petrochemical effluent chemical treatment

Plant effluent treatment

Polycylic aromatic musk compounds in sewage treatment plant effluents of Canada and Sweden

Printed Circuit Effluent Treatment

Qualification of effluent treatment plant

Safety effluent treatment plant

Semi-Conductor Manufacturing Effluent Treatment

Separation effluent treatment

Sewage effluents treatment

Sewage, Liquid Effluent and Water Treatment

Treatment of Cyanide Effluent

Treatment of Gaseous Effluents

Treatment, drinking water industrial effluent

Treatment, drinking water sewage effluent

Waste Effluent Treatment by Ion Exchange

Waste/effluent treatment

Water and Effluent Treatment

Water purification, effluent treatment and recycling of industrial process streams

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