Dispersion in plastics

P.Y.17 may be used for mass coloration and also to print PVC film. For these purposes, P.Y.17 is frequently prepared on a VC/VAc (vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate) mixed polymer basis. Good dispersibility in plastics makes these preparations suitable even for thin films. The dielectrical properties of P.Y.17 allow its application in PVC cable insulations. 

More than 0.3% pigment is required to formulate 1/3 SD HDPE samples. P.Gr.36 is thus much weaker than P.Gr.7 types, although it withstands more than 300°C and is thus equally heat stable. Considerable influence on the shrinkage of injection-molded polyethylene parts necessitates some caution in using P.Gr.36 for this purpose. Many types are difficult to disperse in plastics, especially in polyolefins. 

Fillers are solid materials that are dispersed in plastics and elastomers. One distinguishes between inactive fillers that are used in the first place to make the plastics less expensive and active fillers (reinforcing fillers) that improve specific mechanical properties and thus effect a reinforcement . With the aid of these fillers, the elastic modulus, hardness, and thermostability are enhanced predominantly, whereas the impact strength of thermoplastic niaterials is re-... 

The pastes used are plastisols—finely divided polymer dispersed in plasticizer. They are mobile mixtures which may range in viscosity from liquids that can be poured readily to thick pastes—the viscosity depending essentially on the type of resin and the amount and type of plasticizer involved. Such mixtures can be applied to substrates by coating or by techniques akin to printing after application they are converted into homogeneous flexible vinyls by heating to temperatures in the range 175 to 200 °C, when the dispersed particles of resin dissolve in the plasticizer and are fused into a continuous structure.1... 

As a preliminary step in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester thermoset plastic one uses low molecular weight linear polyester (Mr 10,000) obtained by a polycondensation of polyglycols with saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids. The precondensate can then be dissolved and stored in the stabilized comonomer, e.g. styrene, with which it will be crosslinked later. The crosslinking polymerization reaction between the polyester chains and the styrene bridges is initiated with the help of organic peroxides which are added dispersed in plasticizers. The reaction begins at 60-90 °C and then proceeds exothermally. In addition to this a cold hardening reaction can also be carried out. For this reaction cold accelerators are necessary, e.g. tertiary amines or cobalt naphthenate. 

There are many available methods for mixing colorants into plastic materials. Choosing a laboratory method that will most closely match the production process is ideal, but not usually the norm. Colorant dispersions in plastic materials determine the perceived color. Thus, choosing a consistent, reliable mixing method that closely mimics production dispersions is critical to a good visual color match. 

The commercial products are in most cases in the form of a paste. Standard pastes contain 27-35% mineral spirits. For waterborne applications carrier contains mixture of mineral spirits, nitroethane, and polypropylene glycol. Ink grades contain isopropyl alcohol or ink oil. Plastic grades are dispersed in plasticizer (DOP, DIDP), mineral oil or resin. 

Solid stabilizers are encountered occasionally when they can contribute to increasing the yield or raising the viscosity of the paste, if these properties are required. Solid stabilizers are added, in most cases, after they have been effectively dispersed in plasticizer on a three-roll paint mill. 

Improved ways of fiber dispersion in plastic matrix... 

PVC plastisols, i.e., poly(vinyl chloride) dispersed in plasticizers, are used in special applications such as underseals for automobiles or as sealing compositions. 

Compositions were applied to material surface which was left to absorb an additive dispersed in plasticizer. 

To protect powders from oxygen, humidity, light, or any other incompatible element To delay and/or control the release of active agents involved in core particles To confer desired interfacial properties to the particles making them more proper for the final target applications (e.g., dispersion in plastics, electrostatic pulverization)... 

Uses Processing aid, performance additive, additive dispersant in plastics flatting agent for powd. coatings encapsulant for personal care prods. 

Uses Wetting agenL dispersanL solubilizer, adjuvant for agric. chem. wettable powds. pigment dispersant in plastics in face powds. and powd. shampoos food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper/paperboard, cellophane, textiles... 

Chem. Descrip. Calcium carbonate, coated with < 2% stearic acid Chem. Analysis CaCOj (97.6%), MgCOs (1.5%), moisture (0.2% max.) Uses Coated pigment, filler, reinforcement with easy dispersion in plastic compds., e.g., polyolefins, rigid and flexible PVC, nat. and syn. rubbers and latexes for wire and cable insulation compds., water sealant compds., improved impact props, in PP hardens and stiffens stocks filler, pigment, reinforcing agent in paper, paints, caulks Features Flydrophobic disperses readily Regulatory NSF compliance... 

Features Exc. dispersibility in plasticizers and flexible vinyls exc. flocculation resist. provides cream undertone for plastisols Regulatoiy NSF listed DOT nonregulated SARA 311/312 nonreportable CERCLA nonreportable... 

Features Good weathering resist. good dispersibility in plasticizers and flexible vinyls... 

Features (plastics) good weathering resist. good dispersibility in plasticizers and flexible vinyls (coatings) outstanding chalk resist., gloss retention, tint retention exc. exterior durability, hiding power, color acceptance... 

Uses Antioxidant heat stabilizer UV stabilizer vise, depressant emulsifier in cosmetics emollient protective film-former for skin care prods. food-pkg. adhesives chemical intermediate for oxidation, ethoxylation, sulfation, amination, esteriTication coemulsifier and direct additive in coatings processing aid, lubricant, dispersant in plastics Trade Names Unilin 350 Alcohol Unilin 425 Alcohol... 

Uses Surfactants emulsifier, stabilizer in cosmetics chemical intermediate in coatings processing aid, lubricant, dispersant in plastics food-pkg. adhesives... 

Black Shield, Pigmented dispersions in plasticizers, polyesters, epoxies, and alkyds, CDl Dispersions... 

Description Widely used flame retardant, for use with halogen source. Fine powders, easily dispersed in plastics and paints granular, damped and paste forms also available, for easier handling. Also available as masterbatch ... 

However, as synthesized, the SWNT form tangled ropes, insoluble in common solvents. These have been shortened by sonication in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid (66), lithographically cut (67), etc., to permit better dispersion in plastics. 

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