Dispersion colorants

Disperse reds are second only to blues as the most important disperse color manufactured. AU. commercial disperse reds are monoazo dyes. In 1988, Disperse Red 73 (98, R = CN) had production of 270 tons valued at nearly 1.6 million. Disperse Violet 24 (99) is produced from diazotized 2-hromo-4,6-dinitroani1ine by coupling with 2-(A/-butyl-y -toluidine)ethanol. 

Colorants can be added to plastics by several methods. The incorporation of the colorant often is a balance between a particular end property requirement and inventory control. The typical forms in which colorants are added are raw colorant, dispersed colorant, dry concentrate, and Hquid concentrate. Furthermore, resins can be purchased that have the colorants dispersed in them, thus the resin is precolored. 

Easily dispersible colors are not ordinarily ground fine, since they are subsequently processed in a hquid medium in pebble mills, rolls, or colloid mills. There is, however, a tendency to grind them wet with a dispersing agent, then drying and pulverizing, after which they are easily dispersed in the vehicle in which they are used. 

Choose a colorant with high aqueous solubility to give an attractive well-dispersed color to the product. 

Zeiss and many other phase contrast microscopes produce the equivalent of a central stop dispersion stain by using a phase 2 16X phase contrast objective with the phase 3 condenser ring in place. Leitz manufactures a phase contrast microscope which produces central stop dispersion colors at 400X by using the number 5 condenser ring position. If the microscopes in use at other labs do not produce a central stop dispersion stain in this way, a "dispersion stainer" is available (36). The color resolution (not the particle resolution) of a McCrone dispersion stainer is a little better than that obtained from mismatching phase rings. 

Three indices for Cargille high dispersion media which can be used to distinguish between asbestos fibers are 1.550, 1.605, and 1.670. See table III for dispersion colors obtained. 

The eyeball can be calibrated to read the dispersion colors produced by the different medium-particle combinations by using Koffler glass powders as standards. The colors (wavelengths) produced by various combinations are given in tabular form by R. A. Goodman (42). 

A most effective and efficient dye carrier for dispersed color producing maximum color value, spot free level dyeings. The toxic and hazardous solvents normally found have been removed to greatly reduce the hazardous VOC emissions. 

These materials are nonionic concentrated dispersions of pigment colors. These dispersed colors contain no resin binders and are useful in aqueous systems. 

In many cases, the fastness of disperse colors on resin treated polyester/cotton goods is greatly improved. 

Does not promote crocking or bleeding of disperse colors. 

To increase the color yield of cationic or disperse colors when dyeing polyester yarn 64 in open or pressure becks. 

Excellent migration of disperse dyes at low concentration (1 to 2% OWF). This applies to high enery disperse colors. 

A cationic softener that reduces or eliminates dispersed color bleeding... 

Physical State Liquid Dispersion Color White... 

As the versatile applicability of these compounds increased, more manufacturers began to make them, with the resulting multitude of trade names. The tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid appears to be the most versatile complexing agent, with one mole reacting with one mole of a divalent metal ion. It is used in scouring textile material, in preparation of print pastes, in dyeing with disperse colors when hard water is used in the process, etc. 

Suspensions of polyacetylene were prepared as burrs or fibers (46) by using a vanadium catalyst. When the solvent was removed, films of polyacetylene were formed with densities greater than that prepared by the Shirakawa method. These suspensions were mixed with various fillers to yield composite materials. Coatings were prepared by similar techniques. Blends of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and phthalocyanines with thermoplastics were prepared (47) by using the compounding techniques typically used to disperse colorants and stabilizers in conventional thermoplastics. Materials with useful antistatic properties were obtained with conductivities from 10" to 10" S/cm. The blends were transparent and had colors characteristic of the conducting polymer. For example, plaques containing frans-polyacetylene had the characteristic violet color exhibited by thin films of solid trans-polyacetylene. 

The body of a typical Lycoperdon is a 1" to 4" sphere, with a large hollow gaseous chamber at maturity for spore dispersal. Colored white to pallid to pale... 

If Ihe soluble anhydrite is further heated to over 538°C (1000°F) a stable anhydrite is formed that is sometimes referred to as "dead-burned." It has a refractive index similar to natural anhydrite, and the dispersion colors in 1.596 RI are blue and red. 

Bio-Pd OE. [Brooks Industries] Sodium C8-16 isoalkylsuccinyl lactoglo-bulin sulfonate oil absorbing polymer, film former, pigment dispersant color enhancer ftx skin prods. 

Monagum. [Mukti-Rem] Carboxy-methyl polysaccharide anionic thickener for use in printing azoid, vat and disperse colors. 

Bio-Pfilm former, pigmem dispersant color enhancer for skin prods. 

Disperse colorants Resin dispersions with synthetic resin binders (e. g. alkyd resins, polyurethane resins or polyacrylates), water content 35-45 %, organic solvent mixtures 5-10 %, additional other hydrocarbons 1,2-PG, EG, DPGMM, DEGMM, EGMB, DEGMB... 

Surface chemistry and thermodynamics, Surface Tension Surfactants. Defoamers, antifoams, anti flood and float, wetting aids, emulsifiers, levelling agents, pigment dispersants. Colorant acceptor Water repellents. Numerous aniottic, non-ioruc, cationic and an hoteric agents. Silicones an hipafhic polymers. Polysiloxanes... 

Fibers from copolyesters containing PAG dye to deep shades in a boiling bath of disperse colors also without carriers. The peparation of such copolyesters is, however, troublesome nce at the thermal conditions of polycondensation, e.g., at more than 270 °C, PAG tends to depolymerize so that the blodc-copolymers become copolymers with statistical distribution of the components te this way the decrease of the melting point of the resulting copolymer cannot be avoided. 

Uses Emulsifier, solubilizer for pesticides, perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor polishes, hair dressings, creams, lotions, min. oil, ter-penes dispersant, color enhancer tor emulsion paints Properties Bright yel. clear liq. water-sol. sp.gr. 0.912-0.9145 (70 C) HLB 12.0 hyd. no. 115-125 cloud pt. 16-22 C pH 6.5-75 (1%) nonionic 100% cone. 

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