Avoiding Fossil Fuels

If the avoided impacts from incineration of paper (i.e. avoided fossil fuel consumption incineration in Fig. 3) and the avoided impacts from recycling paper (i.e. avoided production of virgin paper recovery in Fig. 3) are allocated to paper production, the contribution from paper to the total impact profile is reduced significantly. 

According to the Dutch energy policy, presented at the end of 1995 [19j, the contribution of renewable energy to total energy consumption should increase from about 1% in 1995 to 10% (288 PJo,) in 2020. With a potential of 75 PJu, (avoided fossil fuel use), biomass is, with a contribution of 26%, the most important renewable source to meet the 2020 goal [20],... 

Sulfur dioxide emissions resulting from fossil fuel can have negative effects on urban air quality and create acid rain that harms aquatic life. These emissions arc nonexcludable in that there is no private action that a particular individual can take to avoid this impact, and they are nonrival in that their effect on any one individual does not preclude or offset their effect on any other. 

The one available means to significantly meet future world energy needs, while avoiding the fossil fuel problems, is to expand the use of nuclear energy. The key... 

The purpose of chemical processes is not to make chemicals the purpose is to make money. However, the profit must be made as part of a sustainable industrial activity. Chemical processes should be designed as part of a sustainable industrial activity that retains the capacity of ecosystems to support both industrial activity and life into the future. Sustainable industrial activity must meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. For chemical process design, this means that processes should use raw materials as efficiently as is economic and practicable, both to prevent the production of waste that can be environmentally harmful and to preserve the reserves of raw materials as much as possible. Processes should use as little energy as economic and practicable, both to prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and to preserve reserves of fossil fuels. Water must also be consumed in sustainable quantities that do not cause deterioration in the quality of the water source and the long-term quantity of the reserves. Aqueous and atmospheric emissions must not be environmentally harmful, and solid waste to landfill must be avoided. 

Avoids air emissions associated with some treatment technologies and uses no fossil fuel energy during treatment. 

Nuclear energy avoids the mining and pollution problems of traditional fossil fuels, but it also poses contamination and health risks. Do you think governments should build nuclear power plants State your opinion and support it with convincing reasons. 

Nuclear energy avoids the pollution problems of fossil fuels and won t add to global warming problems. Nuclear wastes build up overtime and have to be stored for millions of years. 

Solar Furnaces No Longer Uncommon. The past decade has brought increased interest in using solar energy for industrial processes, not just to conserve energy or avoid the use of fossil fuels. Some of the important installations, as of the early 1990s, are listed in Table 1,... 

Diversity of purveyors, transport system and also diversity of sources contribute significantly to security of energy supply and less dependence on monopoly distributor of fossil fuels and primary energy sources can significantly help economical prosperity of regions without own sources, e.g. South Caucasus, Balkans, Central and East Europe. It also helps to avoid different commercial and/or political pressure on the final consumer. From this reason a possibility of using different ways of fossil fuels transport will be discussed. 

In the case of sufficient financial and technical assistance it is quite realistic to develop capacity for generation of 1,595 million kWh hydro, wind, and solar energy annually in coming 10-20 years. This will substitute 518,000 ton of emissions, fossil fuel and, consequently, 802 ton of C02 emissions will be avoided (Table 3). 

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