Plastics packaging

Sorted plastic packaging materials are shipped, usually in bales, to processing plants to be converted to polymer resins. The bales are broken and the bottles sorted to ensure that only one type of polymer is further processed. Processing consists of chopping and grinding the bottles into flakes. These flakes are washed. Processing steps such as flotation are used to remove polymeric contaminants from the flakes (15,16). The flakes are melted and converted into pellets. 

According to the U.S. DOT regulations, acetic acid is a corrosive material (71). It may be shipped in metal or plastic packaging when no more than... 

Fig. 3. Plastic package with wire bond interconnect (3).

Leads serve as the input—output interconnections between the component package and the mounting platform. Sometimes leads also aid in the dissipation of heat generated in the package. In the case of plastic packages, leads are formed from the leadframe, which also acts as a heat-dissipation path and a mechanical support for the die. 

Packaging (paper and plastic) packaging adhesives release coatings barrier coatings Photochemical machining (89) micromechanical parts optical waveguides... 

L. T. Manzione, Plastic Packaging of Microelectronic Devices, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990. 

It is applicable to plastic packaging materials, where purities with respect to mobile ions, such as Cl and Na, can be checked. In addition, a-particle precursors, such as U and Th, can be determined in solid plastics with sub-ppb detection limits. 

Plastics packaging and contained food products are chemically related in four distinct ways. This relationship is based largely on the permeation property of the plastic material. Direct chemical reaction between plastic and product is seldom a problem when inert plastics such as polyethylene are used. However, polyethylene can transmit minute amounts of product to the outside. This paper examines the effect of permeation through the plastic wall and the direct effects of the plastic on the food product. Specific food packaging applications and methods of testing are discussed. 

M.E. Gigliotti, Design Criteria for Plastic Package-Cushioning Materials , PLASTEC Rept 4 (1961) 3)M.C. StCyr, State of the Art,... 

This form of benzophenone is also added to plastic packaging as a UV blocker. It bonds with the plastic and will not migrate out. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most extensively recycled polymeric materials. In 1995, 3.5 x 104 tons of PET were recycled in Europe.1 The main reason for the widespread recycling of PET is its extensive use in plastic packaging applications, especially in the beverage industry as plastic bottles. The consistency in terms of volume and availability of postconsumer bottles from sorting facilities and its high material scrap value create an excellent economic environment for PET recycling. 

One of the most important sulfosuccinates of the diester type is diisooctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS). It has found a widespread use in pharmaceutics, industry, and as auxiliary for plastic packagings, etc., in contact with foods as well as in some foodstuffs. 

Bio-based materials are materials that are taken from or made from natural materials in living things. Examples include packing pellets made from corn and soybeans, polylactic acid (a polymer used to make plastic packaging), and various kinds of pharmaceuticals. 

As for enviromnental aspects, in the last years many LCAs have been performed that aimed to compare the different recycling and treatment routes for plastics packaging waste. They often include cost calculations for the whole waste management chain. Examples include ... 

The 1999 Heyde and Kremer Erauenhofer LCA on plastics packaging waste (a.6)... 

From the comparison it follows that route (1), direct incineration in MSWls, is generally the least favoiuable option in environmental terms. Hence, there is no doubt that the targets in the EU Packaging directive, which aim to steer away from incinerating plastics packaging in MSWls, have a sound rationale. 

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