Supplements pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid deficiency in black and brown rats leads to a loss of fur color - at one time, pantothenic acid was known as the antigray hair factor. There is no evidence that the normal graying of hair with age is related to pantothenic acid nutrition, nor that pantothenic acid supplements have any effect on hair color. 

Faber et al. (FI) studied the effects of induced pyridoxine and pantothenic acid deficiency, obtained by use of a semisynthetic formula and deoxypyridoxine and co-methyl pantothenic acid supplements for six weeks, by determining in 5 men nitrogen retention and the urinary excretions of xanthurenic and oxalic acids during deficiency and recovery. They postulated that tissue catabolism releases suflBcient pyri-doxine to partially metabolize a tryptophan load, after which the amounts of urinary oxalic acid were sharply increased for 1-2 days. 

Although deficiency conditions are known, and although addition of pantothenic acid salts to food is known to improve the nitrogen balance, few efforts have been made so far to supplement foods with this vitamin. Recent smdies indicate that the increased use of processed foods has reduced the pantothenic acid levels in the diet of industrial countries, which suggests the future need for pantothenic acid supplements (25). 

It is known that homopantothenic acid improves the metabohsm of glucose in the brain and the higher functions of the brain and it has been used in Japan to enhance mental functions, especially in Alzheimer s disease. A rare side-effect is an abnormal brain function resulting from the failure of the liver to eliminate toxins (hepatic encephalopathy). This condition was reversed by pantothenic acid supplementation, suggesting that it was due to pantothenic acid deficiency caused by the antagonist homopantothenic acid. 

There is some evidence that pantothenic acid supplements may be beneficial for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and for enhancement of athletic performance, specifically in running. Pantethine, the disulfide dimer of pantetheine, may have cholestero-... 

In terms of amino acids bacterial protein is similar to fish protein. The yeast s protein is almost identical to soya protein fungal protein is lower than yeast protein. In addition, SCP is deficient in amino acids with a sulphur bridge, such as cystine, cysteine and methionine. SCP as a food may require supplements of cysteine and methionine whereas they have high levels of lysine vitamins and other amino acids. The vitamins of microorganisms are primarily of the B type. Vitamin B12 occurs mostly hi bacteria, whereas algae are usually rich in vitamin A. The most common vitamins in SCP are thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, choline, folic acid, inositol, biotin, B12 and P-aminobenzoic acid. Table 14.4 shows the essential amino acid analysis of SCP compared with several sources of protein. 

The synthetic form is the alcohol, panthenol, which can be oxidized in vivo to pantothenic acid. It is included in the list of substances that may be added in foods and in food supplements [403], Pantothenic acid is part of the coenzyme A (CoA) molecule therefore it is involved in acylation reactions, such as in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. 

More recently [635], a unique extraction step in supplemented foods, by using hot water and a precipitation solution, following by HPLC-ELD/UV analysis has been performed for the simultaneous determination of pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, cyanoco-balamin, and ascorbic acid. The mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer and methanol has been modified in order to perform ion-liquid chromatography by adding l-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt. Furthermore, triethylamine has been also added to improve peak symmetry. 

Pantothenic acid is produced commerdally by synthesis involving the condensation of d-pantolactone with salt of -alanine. Some of the dietary supplement forms include caldum pantothenate, dexpanthenol, and panthenol. 

There are no functional tests of pantothenic acid nutritional status that are generally applicable. Deficiency of pantothenic acid impairs the ability to acetylate a variety of drugs, such as p-aminobenzoic acid, but this has not been developed as an index of vitamin status. The capacity to acetylate drugs is genetically determined neither experimental pantothenate deficiency nor the administration of supplements affects the determination of fast or slow acetylator status (Pietrzik et al., 1975 Vas et al., 1990). 

Fibroblasts in culture undergo faster proliferation and migration when the concentration of pantothenic acid is high, and this has led to the topical use ofpantothenol in skin disorders and wound healing. There is no evidence that oral supplements have any effect on wound healing (Vaxman etal., 1995,1996 Egger et al., 1999 Weimann and Hermann, 1999 Ebner et al., 2002). 

Vaxman F, Olender S, Lambert A, Nisand G, Aprahamian M, Bruch JF, Didier E, Volkmar P, and Grenier JF (1995) Effect of pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid supplementation on human skin wound healing process. A double-blind, prospective and randomized trial. European Surgery Research 27, 158-66. 

Vitamin requirements for ESKD patients receiving dialysis differ from those of a healthy person because of dietary modifications, kidney dysfunction, and dialysis therapy. The plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E are elevated in ESKD, while those of the water-soluble vitamins (81,82,8g, 812, niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, and vitamin C) tend to be low in this population, in large part due to the fact that many are dialyzable. The goal for vitamin supplementation in this population should be to prevent subclinical and frank deficiency and to avoid pathology from overdosage. Special vitamin supplements have been formulated for the dialysis population, which primarily include 8 vitamins with C and folic acid. 

THERAP cat (vet) As a dietary supplement (pantothenic acid source). 

The fact is, there have been no systematic studies of the effects of nutrients like vitamins on the structure or rate of wool or hair growth. However, there are some indications that in dietary insufficiencies, supplements of folic acid (a B complex vitamin) or pyridoxine (a B complex vitamin. Be) could be helpful to hair growth. The logic behind these indications is that these vitamins play a role in cysteine metabolism [106]. On the other hand, panthenol, the precursor to pantothenic acid (another B complex vitamin) has never been demonstrated in any published scientific study to affect the nutrition or growth of hair. In a review on nutrition and hair, Flesch [107] reported, There is no objective evidence available to support the assumption that pantothenic acid has a biochemical role in the production of hair. ... 

Supplements. Supplements commonly contain pantothenol, a more stable alcohol derivative, which is rapidly converted by humans to pantothenic acid. Calcium and sodium o-pantothenate, the calcium and sodium salts of pantothenic acid, are also available as supplements. ... 

Some clinics recommend supplemental riboflavin (100 mg/day) and pantothenic acid... 

A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individutils in the general population. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to alack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B, pantothenic acid, biotin, and carotenoids. In the absence of a UL, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes. Members of the general population should be advised not to routinely exceed the UL. The UL is not meant to apply to individuals who are treated with the nutrient under medical supervision or to individuals with predisposing conditions that modify their sensitivity to the nutrient As preformed vitamin A only... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Storage SI. hygroscopic Uses Antistat in cosmetics medicine pantothenic acid source for pharmaceuticals, multivitamin prods. food additive, nutrient, dietary supplement animal feed additive Regulatory FDA 21CFR 184.1212, GRAS Japan approved (1% max. as calcium) BP, EP compliance... 

Uses Dietary supplement, pantothenic acid source in foods for special dietary use... 

Coverage includes B vitamins and folate in the context of a historical background, disease, cardiovascular effects and the importance of vitamins in biochemistry as illustrated by a single vitamin. Thereafter there are chapters on the chemistry and biochemistry of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate and cobalamin. Methodical aspects include characterization and assays of B vitamins and folate in foods of all kinds, dietary supplements, biological fluids and tissues. The techniques cover solid-phase extraction, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, HPLC, enzymatic assay, biosensor and chemiluminescence. In terms of fimction and effects or... 

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