Rare side effects

The daily dose of benzbromarone is 50-200 mg. In combination with allopurinol, the benzbromarone dose is reduced to 20 mg. Benzbromarone is well tolerated. Rare side effects are headaches, gastrointestinal problems, and exanthems. 

Rhabdomyolysis is disintegration and death of muscle cells (myocytes). It is an important but rare side effect of treatment with statins. 

Although rare, side effects such as nausea and other mild gastrointestinal effects may occur. Individuals with allergiesto daisy-type ptantsare more susceptible to reactions... 

However, pervasive computing will ultimately do much more it will change the very way in which new drugs are tested. At present, all drugs go through three clinical phases, but the process is both very costly and very inefficient. Clinical trials cannot detect rare side effects and drug interactions, or sometimes even fairly common reactions. In fact, one recent study conducted by Harvard Medical School and Public Citizen, the US consumer advocacy... 

Commonly reported side effects include bone and muscle pain. Serious (sometimes life threatening) but rare side effects have included splenic rupture and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Neupogen is manufactured and marketed by Amgen Inc. 

Common side effects include increased blood pressure, increased respiratory infections and increased platelet counts. Serious (rare) side effects were most often related to cardiovascular complications. Neorecormon is marketed by Roche. 

All drugs will pose some degree of risk, and completed clinical trials are the primary source of information in this subject. Clinical trials do, of course, have limitations. The principal one concerns the everpresent problem of sample size. Rare side effects, if they exist, cannot generally be detected in clinical trials involving limited numbers of patients. Adverse drug reports and case-reports provide early clues to such effects so-called pharmacoepidemiology studies may be mounted to evaluate such risks. 

Adalimumab is a recombinant, fully human antitumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody approved in the US and Europe for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis. It has to be injected subcutaneously. The most common side effects of adalimumab are injection site reactions. Adalimumab increases the risk of rare serious infections. Rare side effects include worsening or initiation of congestive heart failure, a lupus-like syndrome, a promotion of lymphoma, medically significant cytopenias, and worsening or initiation of a multiple sclerosis like neurological disease. 

Although the MAOIs can have serious and potentially life-threatening adverse effects, it is the more common and less dramatic side effects that often lead to the discontinuation of MAOIs. These side effects include orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, insomnia, edema, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, and precipitation of mania. Rare side effects include hepatitis and leukopenia. Parasthesias may develop secondary to a MAOI-induced pyridoxine deficiency, which responds to oral pyridoxine supplementation. Overall, phenelzine appears to be more sedating, whereas trancylpromine is more activating because of its stimulant-like properties. Meclobomide has more excitatory side effects, such as restlessness and insomnia. 

Liver toxicity is a rare side effect of CBZ therapy (Trimble, 1990), although a recent study reported that 9% of children on CBZ had mildly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (Camfield and Camfield, 1985). Higher mean serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, mean low-density lipoprotein level, and mean TC/high-density lipoprotein ratio have been reported in children with epilepsy treated with CBZ, compared with controls (Sozuer et ah, 1997). Conversely, an increase in serum high-density lipoproteins was reported in a smaller sample of patients treated with CBZ, and was therefore interpreted as a possible protective factor against atherosclerosis (Yalcin et ah, 1997). 

The meaning of the psychiatric illness to the child and his or her family should be considered. Denial and confusion about the illness may not be expressed directly. Specific points for medication education include (J) the reasons for medications being used, (2) the goals of medication and when they might be achieved (3) the common side effects and when they will emerge (4) the rare side effects and when they might emerge (5) the activities, foods, drinks, and other medications that are contraindicated or require caution (6) recommended parental response to potential side effects and (7) duration of treatment (Kutcher, 1997). 

An uncommon side effect of codeine is an allergic reaction, such as a skin rash or contact dermatitis, which is seen when codeine is administered by injection. Delirium is a rare side effect of codeine. 

The other side effects include insulin allergy which consists of local itching, swelling, redness at the site of injection. Urticaria and anaphylactic reactions are rarely seen. Other rare side effects include insulin... 

Among the rare side effects are dizziness, hypokalaemia and hypotension. 

It is usually recommended that ACE inhibitors be continued peri-operatively in common with other antihypertensives. There is some evidence that postoperative haemodynamic stability is improved and renal function protected. Pretreatment with ACE inhibitors may reduce tachyphylaxis to sodium nitroprusside and help to prevent rebound hypertension. On the other hand, there is evidence that ACE inhibitors may predispose to hypotension during anaesthesia and that they reduce cerebral blood flow during any period of systemic hypotension. Furthermore, the response to and recovery from hypotensive episodes due to blood loss or circulatory depletion may be impaired. At present, the advice concerning these drugs would be to continue therapy up to and including the day of operation. Another rare side-effect of ACE inhibitors is angioneurotic oedema, which has occasionally been seen complicating intubation. 

Short-term mebendazole therapy for intestinal nematodes is nearly free of adverse effects. Mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain have been reported infrequently. Rare side effects, usually with high-dose therapy, are hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria), agranulocytosis, alopecia, and elevation of liver enzymes. 

The most common side effects associated with the administration of delavirdine are macular, papular, erythematous pruritic rashes involving trunk and extremities and severe dermatitis. Fatal hepatitis is not associated with its use, but elevated hepatic transaminases have been reported. Other rare side effects of delavirdine include Stevens-Johnson syndrome and neutropenia. 

Nishii Y, Aizawa T, Hashizume K. Ileus a rare side effect of acarbose. Diabetes Care 1996 19(9) 1033. 

Rabasa-Lhoret R, Rasamisoa M, Avignon A, Monnier L. Rare side-effects of fenofibrate. Diabetes Metab 2001 27(l) 66-8. 

Secondary hyperparathyroidism exacerbation a rare side-effect of interferon-alpha Chn Nephrol 1999 5 I (4) 248-51. 

Some other rare side effects from fentanyl include breathing difficulties, wheezing, cold and clammy skin, seizures, slow or fast heartbeat, severe rash, and unusual weakness. A physician should be notified immediately if any of these symptoms occur. It is more common for patients to experience confusion, fainting spells, and nervousness or restlessness any of these also need medical attention. Some side effects that do not require immediate medical attention but can be reported if bothersome include itching, blurred vision, clumsiness, difficulty urinating, headache, and nausea. 

Nausea is a side effect of all opiates. People who take opiates, including methadone, for a long period of time generally develop a tolerance for its nauseating effects. Vomiting, while common with other opiates such as heroin, is actually a rare side effect of methadone. These side effects are due to the stimulation by opiates of the part of the brain called the medulla, which controls nausea and vomiting. 

Ranitidine is generally well tolerated but may occasionally cause diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, altered liver function tests, headache, dizziness, rash and tiredness. Other rare side-effects include acute pancreatitis, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, confusion, depression and hallucinations, particularly in the very ill or elderly. 

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