Nitrogen retention

In 1959 Clinton and coworkers reported the first synthesis of some pyrazole fused androstane derivatives and described their biological activity (B-76MI40404). Stanazolol (695) or 17-methyl-2iT-5o -androst-2-eno[3,2-c]pyrazol-17/3-ol was 10 times as active as 17a -methyltestosterone in improving nitrogen retention in rats (B-80MI40406), and its myotrophic activity was only twice that of 17a-methyltestosterone. It is used as an anabolic steroid with no lasting adverse side effects. 

Tomaszek JA, Koszelnik P (2003) A simple model of nitrogen retention in reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 504 51-58... 

Fig. 3 Nitrogen retention (as a fraction of inputs per subcatchment) on a dry year (2000,670 mm rainfall) and a wet year (2001, 727 mm rainfall) for La Toidera catchment (NE Spain). From [87]...

Recently, the old alkaline phenol method has been revived, and is being widely used in clinical laboratories, without protein preclpltatlon(27). In this procedure, the serum is added to an alkaline phenol reagent, and the ammonia generated from urea is determined either after the action of urease or after strong alkaline treatment of the serum. The objection to this procedure is first, that all urease is rich in ammonia, and second, the color produced with alkaline phenol is not specific for ammonia. It will react with other compounds, especially for those that liberate ammonia. By this procedure one obtains a useful number from the point of view of determining whether the patient has nitrogen retention, but a value which is somewhere between a urea and an N.P.N. determination. 

As above at 900 or 1300 mg Ni/kg ration Marked reduction in growth nitrogen retention decreased in 1300 mg/kg group 4, 7... 

Two studies (44,63) had shown that growth performance and nitrogen retention efficiency of chicks were severely reduced by the inclusion of raw full fat winged bean seeds at rates of up to 400g/kg in semi-purified diets. Heat treatment of winged beans prior to dietary incorporation results 1n reversal of the growth depression and increases the efficiency of food utilization. 

The antibody response to yellow fever vaccine was impaired in protein-deficient children with kwashiorkor compared to the well-nourished controls. Polio antibody production was normal in the malnourished children, all of whom also responded in the normal fashion to smallpox vaccination. They had no evidence of disseminated vaccinia (B8). In Guatemala, on the other hand, smallpox vaccination of children who had fully recovered from severe protein-calorie malnutrition led to a drop in their nitrogen retention with the added complication of disseminated vaccinia (V3). 

Renal toxicity - Renal toxicity may be characterized by decreased creatinine clearance, cells or casts in the urine, decreased urine specific gravity, oliguria, proteinuria, or evidence of nitrogen retention. Renal damage is usually reversible. The relative nephrotoxicity of these agents is estimated to be Kanamycin = Amikacin = Gentamicin = Tobramycin Streptomycin. 

Monitor renal function carefully patients with renal impairment and/or nitrogen retention should receive reduced doses. Do not exceed peak serum concentrations of 20 to 25 mcg/mL in individuals with kidney damage. 

Renal tubular acidosis and other renal injury resulting in nitrogen retention have been attributed to the administration of outdated tetracycline preparations. Tetracyclines given along with diuretics may produce nitrogen retention. Tetracyclines other... 

Ractopamine is another -agonist that increases nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, enhances lipolysis, suppresses lipogenesis, and increases the... 

Bricker, M. L., Smith, J. M., Hamilton, T. S. and Mitchell, H. H. 1949. The effect of cocoa upon calcium utilization and requirements, nitrogen retention and fecal composition of women. J. Nutr. 39, 445-461. 

Sometime in the 80 s athletes found out Zeranabol had anabolic activity. Since it is actually a form of estrogen, the drug increases nitrogen retention. IGF-1, GH, and Insulin secretion increases are also realized for the same reason. The result is some lean mass gain with high water retention. For the most part, users have realize HPTA function suppression at extreme rates, gyno, fat deposits, and head-aches. Oh, did I mention liver damage ... 

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