Oxidation modified

Another sol—gel abrasive, produced by seeding with a-ferric oxide or its precursors, has been patented (30). A magnesium-modified version of this abrasive, also called Cubitron, is being produced as a replacement for the earlier type. Yttria [1314-36-91-vnc>A V eA sol—gel abrasives have also been patented (31), as well as rare earth oxide modified materials (32). These abrasives are all produced by 3M Corporation they have performed very well ia various applications such as ia coated abrasives for grinding stainless steel and exotic alloys. 

The self-ignition temperature of PVF film is 390°C. The limiting oxygen iadex (LOI) for PVF is 22.6% (98), which can be raised to 30% ia antimony oxide-modified film (99). Hydrogen fluoride and a mixture of aromatic and aUphatic hydrocarbons (100) are generated from the thermal degradation of PVF. Toxicity studies, ie, survival and time to iacapacitation, of polymers, ceUulosics (101,102), and airplane iaterior materials (103) expose... 

Blends Based in Polyphenylene Oxides (Modified PPOs)... 

Polyphenylene oxide modified Very fough engineering plastic, superior dimensional stability, low moisture absorption, excellent chemical resistance Injection molding... 

STEINBRECHER u p, ZHANG H and LOUGHEED M L (1990) Role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9, 155-68. 

We have explored rare earth oxide-modified amorphous silica-aluminas as "permanent" intermediate strength acids used as supports for bifunctional catalysts. The addition of well dispersed weakly basic rare earth oxides "titrates" the stronger acid sites of amorphous silica-alumina and lowers the acid strength to the level shown by halided aluminas. Physical and chemical probes, as well as model olefin and paraffin isomerization reactions show that acid strength can be adjusted close to that of chlorided and fluorided aluminas. Metal activity is inhibited relative to halided alumina catalysts, which limits the direct metal-catalyzed dehydrocyclization reactions during paraffin reforming but does not interfere with hydroisomerization reactions. 

Even for the well-known ethylene oxide formation, improvements in space-time yield were reported. A value of 0.78 t/(h m ) using an oxidative modified silver was obtained, which exceeds considerably the industrial performance of 0.13-0.261 h m [159]. 

Barenghi, L., Bradamante, S., Giudici, G.A. and Veigani, C. (1990). NMR analysis of low-density-lipoprotein oxidatively-modified in vitro. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 8, 175-183. 

Quinn, M.T., Parthasarathy, S., Fong, L.G. and Steinberg, D. (1987). Oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins a potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/ macrophages during atherogenesis. Proc. Nad Acad. Sci. USA 84, 2995-2998. 

Evidence from cellular studies in vitro initially showed how oxidative processes could play a central role in the pathological changes involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis. LDL can be oxidatively modified in culture by a range of cell types including endothelial cells (Henriksen et a.1., 1981), arterial smooth muscle cells... 

Although atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are distinct disease states, both disorders are chronic inflammatory conditions and may have common mechanisms of disease perpetuation. At sites of inflammation, such as the arterial intima undergoing atherogen-esis or the rheumatoid joint, oxygen radicals, in the presence of transition-metal ions, may initiate the peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to produce oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL). Ox-LDL has several pro-inflammatory properties and may contribute to the formation of arterial lesions (Steinberg et /., 1989). Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products have been detected in inflammatory synovial fluid (Rowley et /., 1984 Winyard et al., 1987a Merry et al., 1991 Selley et al., 1992 detailed below), but the potential pro-inflammatory role of ox-LDL in the rheumatoid joint has not been considered. We hypothesize that the oxidation of LDL within the inflamed rheumatoid joint plays a pro-inflammatory role just as ox-LDL has the identical capacity within the arterial intima in atherosclerosis. 

The LDL particle, which has been oxidatively modified by the mechanisms described above, is no longer recognized by the classic LDL receptor and is taken up by the macrophage scavenger receptor. Importantly, ox-LDL also exhibits a variety of pro-inflammatory activities, as described below. 

Oxidatively modified LDL up-regulates the surfece expression of VCAM-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cultured endothelial cells, promoting the interactions between both cell types (Kume et al., 1992). This may play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis by promoting the penetration of circulating monocytes into the suben-dothelial space whilst inhibiting the mobility of resident macrophages. It has been previously demonstrated that ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 are up-regulated in the microvasculature of rheumatoid but not control synovium (Corkill et al., 1991 Koch et al., 1991). The association between ox-LDL and increased expression of adhesion molecules in the inflamed synovium has yet to be studied. 

Yla-Herttuala, S., Witztum, J.L. and Steinberg, D. (1989). Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions rabbit and man. J. Clin. Invest. 84, 1086-1095. 

Several aryl esters of 6-chloromethyl-2-oxo-2//-l -benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid act as human Lon protease inhibitors (alternate substrate inhibitors)46 without having any effect on the 20S proteasome. Proteasomes are the major agents of protein turnover and the breakdown of oxidized proteins in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells,47 whereas Lon protease seems to play a major role in the elimination of oxidatively modified proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. The coumarin derivatives are potentially useful tools for investigating the various biological roles of Lon protease without interfering with the proteasome inhibition. 

Multiple electrodes have been used to obtain selectivity in electrochemical detection. An early example involved the separation of catecholamines from human plasma using a Vydac (The Separation Group Hesperia, CA) SCX cation exchange column eluted with phosphate-EDTA.61 A sensor array using metal oxide-modified surfaces was used with flow injection to analyze multicomponent mixtures of amino acids and sugars.62 An example of the selectivity provided by a multi-electrode system is shown in Figure 2.63... 

Larese, C., Lopez Granados, M., Mariscal, R. et al. (2005) The effect of calcination temperature on the oxygen storage and release properties of Ce02 and Ce—Zr—O metal oxides modified by phosphorus incorporation, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 59, 13. 

T. Ohsaka, Y. Shintani, F. Matsumoto, T. Okajima, and K. Tokuda, Mediated electron transfer of polyethylene oxide-modified superoxide dismutase by methyl viologen. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 37, 73-76 (1995). 

C. Espadas-Torre and M.E. Meyerhoff, Thrombogenic properties of untreated and poly(ethylene oxide)-modified polymeric matrices useful for preparing intraarterial ion-selective electrodes. Anal. Chem. 67, 3108-3114 (1995). 

Mitsubishi has patented a triphenylphosphine oxide-modified rhodium catalyst for the hydroformylation of higher alkenes with both alkyl branches and internal bonds. [19] Reaction conditions are 50-300 kg/cm2 of CO/H2 and 100-150 degrees C. The high CO/H2 partial pressures provide stabilization for rhodium in the reactor, but rhodium stability in the vaporizer separation system is a different matter. Mitsubishi adds triphenylphosphine to stabilize rhodium in the vaporizer. After separation, triphenylphosphine is converted to its oxide before the catalyst is returned to the reactor. 

Miscellaneous compounds. Other materials used include FC-171, fluorocarbon surfactant, 3M Industrial Chemical Products Division, St. Paul MN 55144-1000 Byk 306, Bykchemie USA, Wallingford, CT 06492 Polyol (poly-caprolactonetriol a polyester polyol), and Silwet L-7602 (polyalkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane), both from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Co., Inc., Danbury, CT 06817-0001. 

MAGSORB A process for removing caibon dioxide from hot gas streams by reversible absorption on magnesium oxide modified with potassium carbonate. Developed by the Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, for fuel gas derived from coal. 

Mercuric oxide, use in oxidation of hydrazones, 50, 28 with 3-chlorocyclobutanecar-boxylic acid and bromine to give l-bromo-3-chlorocyclo-butane, 51, 106 MERCURIC OXIDE-MODIFIED HUNS-DIECKER REACTION 1-BRQMO-... 

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