Other Fire Protective Systems

Appendix C to Subpart L— Fire Protection References for Further Information 

Appendix D to Subpart L— Availability of Publications Incorporated by Reference in Section 

Appendix E to Subpart L—Test Methods for Protective Clothing 

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In general, fixed water spray fire protection has the two-fold purpose of cooling the affected equipment and flushing any burning liquids from the immediate fire area. This can reduce local damage, limit fire spread, and allow time for other response actions. It should not be expected that these systems will extinguish a fire without the use of other fire protection systems, such as foam, dry chemical, or manual firefighting. 

Subpart L—Fire Protection—Other Fire Protection Systems (1910.155—1910.165)... 

Operating and maintenance costs for safety instruments and interlocks, fire protection systems, personal protective equipment, and other safety equipment. 

The third line includes fixed fire protection systems (sprinklers, water sprays, or deluge systems, monitor guns, etc.), dikes, designed drainage systems, and other systems that control or iiiitigaic ha. ardous releases. 

Table 6.2 presents an overview of surface-emissive powers measured in the British Gas tests, as back-calculated from radiometer readings. Peak values of surface-emissive powers were approximately 100 kW/m higher than these average values, but only for a short duration. Other large-scale tests include those conducted to investigate the performance of fire-protection systems for LPG tanks. 

Operational personnel should be expected to suppress only very small incipient fires. All other emergencies are to be handled with ESD/blowdown, isolation, fire protection systems (active or passive) or exhaustion of fuel sources by the incident. 

Where facilities are exposed to the constant radiation of the sun, sun shades are provided over exterior exposed equipment that may not function properly at elevated temperatures or would deteriorate rapidly if left continual exposed to the direct sunlight. Most electrical or electronic equipment is rated for a maximum operating temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) unless otherwise specified, e.g., hazardous area lighting temperatures are normally specified for 40 °C (104 °F) limit. Of particular concern for fire protection systems are those containing storage for foam concentrates rubber hoses or other rubber components which may dry and crack. 

Quite often, insurance companies, the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), corporate staffs, and others will have the responsibility to review and approve fire protection system designs to ensure compliance with their specific requirements. Designers should identify such requirements and ensure that these are adequately addressed in developing the design for the fire protection system. 

Fire protection systems should be maintained until materials that pose a hazard are removed. A fire water system should be the last item removed or deactivated. When necessary, decommissioning plans must be reviewed with the AHJ. Fires have occurred during removal of equipment due to cutting operations, material still in the equipment, and other hazards. A separate fire hazard analysis should be conducted to determine fire hazards that may be present during a decommissioning of a unit or plant. 

It is not the intent of this Guideline to deal in depth with facility security issues. However, effective fire prevention in a processing facility depends on people in addition to systems to detect developing fires and other incidents and to detect unauthorized intrusion into the facility. Intruder-caused vandalism, damage, spills, releases, or fires are not common, but are a credible threat. The potential fire prevention and protection requirements to manage the risk of security events from terrorism need to be considered in the overall fire protection system design. 

In the context of fire protection system design, approved or listed equipment for fire service is generally understood to mean acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). The AHJ includes organizations or individuals that are responsible for accepting equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. In other words, the AHJ could be a fire marshal, insurance company, owner, or some other organization. 

Facility personnel who perform inspections on fixed fire protection systems must be knowledgeable of the systems and have received training on the inspection protocols. Facility personnel may be operations personnel, maintenance personnel, security personnel, fire protection personnel, or others assigned by management. 

Fixed installations, such as water spray systems, halon systems, sprinkler systems, carbon dioxide extinguishing systems, explosion suppression systems, and other fire protection installations are often provided with flow and trouble detection switches connected to transmitters. A signal indicating the condition of the system should be sent to the attended location(s). 

Other supervisory signals may come from fire protection system components such as supervised control valves, system air and supervisory air pressure transmitters, water tank level and temperature transmitters, valve house and fire water pump building temperature transmitters, and fire water pumps. 

When a gas and vapor detection system is used either for fire protection or for personnel exposure protection, the system should be managed, inspected and tested on a scheduled basis, and maintained similar to any other major element of the fire protection system or any process safety interlock or safety instrumented system. 

The elimination of a fire hazard may be the ideal solution, but it is often not possible. In general, the optimum level of fire protection is achieved by selecting from the other appropriate prevention and mitigation options. The higher the performance availability (or lower the probability of failure-on-demand) of each selected fire protection feature, the more effective the overall fire protection system. The generally preferred approach to improve effectiveness is to select a combination oipassive and active fire protection features. 

This chapter discusses the various phases of installation of fire protection systems. Fire protection projects vary from new construction projects to retrofitting an existing system in a facility. Managing a fire protection system project is very much like any other construction or capital improvement project. The... 

The project plan should encompass all aspects of a fire protection system, such as the underground fire water distribution system, fire pumps, aboveground water header, valving and standpipes, structural support, and detection and alarm systems. All work on the fire protection system must be coordinated with other work activities at the site or in the operating unit. The recommended installation practices for the different types of fire protection systems are covered in consensus standards, such as NFPA. The installation process is illustrated in Figure 9-1. 

The timing of installation of fire protection systems is important because it must be integrated with other construction activities. Fire protection is generally a small but important element of the overall project. To ensure a timely and efficient installation, the person responsible for scheduling the installation must... 

Active fire protection—A fire protection system or device that requires moving parts, detectors, instruments, electrical or other power or utilities. 

Other fire protection features have been incorporated into CNG refueling facilities such as methane detectors to warn of leaks from the dispenser, and automated fire suppression systems activated by ultraviolet/infrared detectors. Dry chemical is the preferred fire suppression material since water line protection from freezing is difficult in outdoor settings. The methane detectors can also be used to shut down the compressor and dispenser if desired. 

Review of design and construction plans, drawings, and specifications for life safety systems, fire protection systems, access, water supplies, processes, and hazardous materials and other fire and life safety issues... 

ROOF AND FLOOR DRAINS. PLUMBING AND SEWERS. PIPING FOR FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS OR OTHER RECOGNIZED Fire PROTECTION REGULATIONS... 

OTHER COMMENTS used in electroplating of automotive, aircraft, and electronic parts used in fire protection systems used in photography and lithography used as a component of batteries. 

NFPA 30, 4.4.3.9 29CFR1910.106(d)(5) (vi)(e) 4.3.8 No stack of flammable or combustible liquids shall be closer than 3 ft. to the nearest beam, chord, or other construction, and shall be 3 ft. below sprinkler deflectors, discharge orifices of water spray, or other overhead fire protection systems. 

This section concerns the dismantling of all the heat evacuation circuits and other materials contained in the rooms housing the circuits (electric cables, ventilation systems, fire protection systems, lighting, etc.). The significant aspects of SG building installations dismantling operations are ... 

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