Floor drains

Phenol was originally recovered during the coking of coal, essentially being a by-product. Eventually, commercial routes were developed based on benzene (from coal or petroleum) for example, sulfonation of benzene to ben-zenesulfonic acid followed by reaction with water to phenol plus regenerated sulfuric acid. Phenol is used to make plastics (phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins) and textile fibers (nylon). Phenol is also used in solution as a general disinfectant for cleaning toilets, stables, floors, drains, etc. and is used both internally and externally as a disinfectant for animals. 

Iron making. Molten iron is produced for steel making in blast furnaces using coke, iron ore, and limestone. Blast furnace operations use water for noncontact cooling of the furnace, stoves, and ancillary facilities and to clean and cool the furnace top gases. Other water, such as floor drains and drip legs, contribute a lesser portion of the process wastewaters. 

Every house has some minimum penetration through the slab or foundation walls. The ones always present are water pipe entry and sewer pipe exit. Common additional penetrations are floor drains, sump holes, and air conditioner condensate drains. 

Since phenol can be readily absorbed through the skin (ACGIH 1991), children may be more susceptible to low levels of phenol exposure since they have a higher skin-surface-area to weight ratio. Since young children are more likely to come in contact with the floor and other low-lying areas, they may be exposed to phenol found in consumer products such as general disinfectants used to clean toilets, floors, drains, and other areas (Budavari 1989 CA EPA 1998 Hawley 1981). 

A drainage system includes a containment system using solid, impermeable floors with perimeter features (curbing, floor slope, or trenches) to limit and control the spread of liquids and a collection system (floor drains or trenches, catch basins, sumps, piping, and manholes) to direct the liquids into a gravity drain system that routes them to an appropriate location out of the unit. 

Drainage patterns should minimize pooling of runoff near equipment and prevent drainage from unpaved areas from entering floor drain inlets in paved areas. 

Figure 8-2. Typical Floor Drain and Trench Layout...

Trenches formed into the floor can provide a higher drainage flow rate than conventional floor drain boxes, resulting in minimal depth of the liquid runoff within the area served. Illustrations of drainage trenches are shown in Chapter 7, Figure 7-3. 

Catch basins should be provided for each fire zone of the process area to collect the flow from the floor drains and trenches. All catch basins within the process area battery limits should be sealed for vapor control. Catch basin seals should be of types that are easily cleaned out. P-traps should not be used. Catch basins require a periodic check to verify that a liquid seal is in place and clean-out plugs are installed. 

Radon is present in the air and soil. It can leak into the indoor environment through dirt floors, cracks in walls and floors, drains, joints, and water seeping through walls. Radon can be measured by using charcoal containers, alpha-track detectors, and electronic monitors. Results of the measurement of radon decay products and the concentration of radon gas are reported as working levels (WL) and picocuries per liter (pCi/L), respectively. The continuous exposure level of 4 pCi/L or 0.02 WL has been used by USEPA and CDC as a guidance level for further testing and remedial action [33]. 

Radon (222Rn) is formed by the radioactive decay of uranium, BKU (Fig. 15.1a). As a result, the highest concentrations tend to be associated with soils derived from rocks with a high uranium content (Nazaroff and Nero, 1988 Boyle, 1988 Nero, 1989 Mose and Mushrush, 1997). Because radon is a gas that diffuses out of the soil, it can enter homes through cracks in the foundation, around loose-fitting pipes and wall joints, and through floor drains (e.g., Nero, 1989). The concentrations found in a home depend on the type of soil (including the moisture content) on which it sits and the extent of Rn penetration into the house. They also depend on the house ventilation rate and the particular location in the house in which the measurement is... 

Floor drains should be provided only where large volumes of liquids are anticipated. 

The floor drain should not be located in the aseptic clean room because of concerns about microbiological growth in the trap. 

Dousing shower and eye-wash with a floor drain are required where students handle potentially dangerous materials. 

A dunk tank or attached decontamination air lock system may be used to introduce or remove material from the Class III system. Figure 8. All primary containment devices shall be certified to meet performance criteria on initial installation, following any move or maintenance, and at least annually. Other safety features of facility design include nonporous surfaces on floors, walls, and ceiling self-closing doors that must remain closed to maintain air balance and directional airflows. If floor drains are present, their traps should be filled with water weekly. 

ROOF AND FLOOR DRAINS. PLUMBING AND SEWERS. PIPING FOR FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS OR OTHER RECOGNIZED Fire PROTECTION REGULATIONS... 

Keep the spill out of any body of water or any pathway that will lead to water, such as a ditch, floor drain, well, or sinkhole. If the spilled pesticide is flowing towards such an area, block it or redirect it. 

Runoff water in the indoor environment may get into domestic water systems and from there into surface water and ground water. Runoff can flow into floor drains or other drains and into the water system. Sometimes a careless pesticide handler washes pesticide down a sink drain and into the water system. 

In a dairy plant, milk is pasteurized by hot water supplied by a natural gas furnace. The hot water is then discharged to an open floor drain ai 80°C at a rate of 15 kg/mii). The plant operates 24 h a day and 365 days a year. The furnace has an efficiency of 80 percent, and the cost of the natural gas is 1,10 per therm (1 therm 105,500 kJ). The average temperature of the cold v/ater entering the furnace throughout the year is 15 C. The drained hot water cannot be returned to the furnace and recirculated, because it is contaminated during the process. 

All areas should be equipped with wash-down equipment, and all levels must have adequate floor drains with the floor surfaces properly pitched. Care must also be exercised when selecting flooring materials, as glycerine is slippery this is a real concern, because spills and leaks inevitably occur. Provisions must be made in the plant for efficient cleaning procedures for the equipment, piping, and building. 

Floor drains, resin sluice water, and boron recycling water... 

Low-level radioactive wastes, which originate from floor drains from PWR, laboratories, samphng points and auxiliary equipment drains Floor drains from PWR and spent resins tank drain-down... 

Floor drains and equipment drains tanks, reactor coolant water... 

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