Peak value

Note that while the ToF information is relatively consistent, the amplitude is varying considerably between the measurement points. This confirms the uncertainty related to the amplitude information which, in this works serves only to locate the area in which the measurements should be taken typically measurements are limited to within the range of signal amplitudes in excess of 30% of the peak value. 

Selectivity A significant respect in which CSTRs may differ from batch (or PFR) reaclors is in the product distribution of complex reactions. However, each particular set of reactions must be treated individually to find the superiority. For the consecutive reactions A B C, Fig. 7-5b shows that a higher peak value of B is reached in batch reactors than in CSTRs as the number of stages increases the batch performance is approached. 

Rated momentary peak value of the fault current (making current for an interrupting device)... 

The above are r.m.s. values. For peak values multiply them by -<[2. 

Rated momentary peak value of the fault eurrent... 

The peak value of a fault current will depend upon the content of the d.c. component. The d.c. component will depend upon the p.f. of the faulty circuit and the instant at which the short-circuit commences on the current wave. (Refer to Figure 13.27, illustrating the variation in asymmetry with the p.f. of the faulty circuit. For ease of application, it is represented as a certain multiple of the r.m.s. value of the symmetrical fault current /sc )... 

The rated momentary peak value of the fault current, /y, will relate to the dynamic rating of an equipment. It is also known as the making current of a switching device and defines its capability to make on fault. 

The peak value of the asymmetry is considered to determine the electrodynamic stresses 10 design the meehanieal system and the supporting structure for the current-carrying components. 

The d.c. component, /j ., at any instant should be a niininiuni of 50% that of the corresponding peak value of the a.c. component of the symmetrical fault current /.,c, /.,ci. /jctri. at any instant, during the period of the short-circuit condition, /jc should bo S 0..S V2 /jc- Otherwise the asymmetry may be ignored, being insignificant. 

Based on above peak value of ground acceleration, duration and frequency range. 

X time taken by the impulse to rise from 0% to 95% of its peak value For the sake of laboratory testing and analytical studies, these surges have been represented by standard impulse waveforms. According to lEC 60060-1 a 1.2/50 /is impulse is called a standard lightning impulse, and a 250/2500 /is impulse a standard switching impulse. 

Vi = peak value of the voltage surge in kV /i = rise time in /rs... 

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