Maximum operating temperature

The choice of reactor temperature depends on many factors. Generally, the higher the rate of reaction, the smaller the reactor volume. Practical upper limits are set by safety considerations, materials-of-construction limitations, or maximum operating temperature for the catalyst. Whether the reaction system involves single or multiple reactions, and whether the reactions are reversible, also affects the choice of reactor temperature, as we shall now discuss. 

This simulation can be achieved in terms of a source—sink relationship. Rather than use the gas concentration around the test object as a target parameter, the test object can be surrounded by a sink of ca 2-7T soHd angle. The solar panel is then maintained at its maximum operating temperature and irradiated by appropriate fluxes, such as those of photons. Molecules leaving the solar panel strike the sink and are not likely to come back to the panel. If some molecules return to the panel, proper instmmentation can determine this return as well as their departure rates from the panel as a function of location. The system may be considered in terms of sets of probabiUties associated with rates of change on surfaces and in bulk materials. 

The maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 260 C (500 F) because harder temper adversely affects design stress in the creep-rnptnre-temperatnre ranges. 

Material Shape" of particles Bulk wet density (drained), kg/L Moisture content (drained), % by weight Swelhng due to exchange, % Maximum operating temperature, Operating pH range Exchange capacity ... 

Type of resin Maximum and minimum flow, m/ h [gal/(min-fd)] Minimum hed depth, m (in) Maximum operating temperatures, (°F) Usahle capacity, g-equivalent/Lf Regenerant, g/L resinf... 

Generic name and description Breaking tenacity, g/denier Abrasion resistance Resistance to acids Resistance to alkalies Resistance to oxidizing agents Resistance to solvents Specific gravity Maximum operating temperature, "FI... 

Operating Temperature and Pressure Arresters are certified subject to maximum operating temperatures and absolute pressures normally seen at the arrester location. Arrester placement in relation to heat sources, such as incinerators, must be selected so that the allowable temperature is not exceeded, with due consideration for the detonation potential as run-up distance is increased. 

Maximum resistance of the secondary winding corrected to 90°C or the maximum operating temperature considered. In fact, it should be substituted by the actual operating temperature. 

T) For maximum operating temperature 85 C For maximum operating temperature 90 C... 

Figure 28.10 Derating factors for different ambient and maximum operating temperatures...

Insulation systems were first classified according to the material used, and permissible temperatures were established based on the thermal aging characteristics of these materials. For example. Class B insulation was defined as inorganic materials such as mica and glass with organic binders 130°C was the allowable maximum operating temperature. The present definition of insulation system Class B stipulates that the system be proven. . by experience or accepted tests. .. to have adequate life expectancy at its rated temperature, such life expectancy to equal or... 

NEMA standards do not give any fixed maximum operating temperature by any class of insulation. Briefly, NEMA states that insulation of a given class is a system that can be shown to have suitable thermal endurance when operated at the temperature rise shown in the standard.s for that type of machine. Standards for synchronous motors and indue tioii motors with a 100% service factor specify 80°C rise by resistance... 

Unless there are solutes that are very strongly retained, and the maximum operating temperature of the system is reached without all the solutes being eluted, there is usually no need for a final isothermal period of any significant length. There is, however, one exception where a final isothermal period is helpful, and that is for mixtures that contain thermally labile materials. 

Maximum operating temperature = 2(K)°F Corrosion allowance Material Diameter... 

Testing should address the maximum operating temperature and pressure normally seen at the arrester location. This does not include certain pressure upsets (such as emergency shutdown) that produce unusually high system pressures. In many cases it may not be possible to design an arrester that will function effectively during upset conditions, and other protective measures should be considered (e.g., venting, suppression). 

Maximum operating pressure Maximum operating temperature... 

Temperaiures in charr are maximum operating temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for given thickness. 

For Aluminum Fins Maximum Operating Temperatures are Listed. 

Referenced to air of 0.075 Ib/fF at 70°F, and 29.92 ft. Hg Barometer. Depends upon wheel design, type bearings and maximum operating temperature... 

Rock wool special products can be used up to 1100°C, but generally a maximum operating temperature of 850°C is recommended. Like glass wool, the lower density products used in buildings and H V applications have recommended limits of 230°C. 

Grease type of soap) Recommended maximum operating temperature (°C) Water resistance Mechanical stability... 

For routine separations, there are about a dozen useful phases for capillary columns. The best general-purpose columns are the dimethylpolysiloxane (DB-1 or equivalent) and the 5% phenyl, 95% dimethylpolysiloxane (DB-5 or equivalent). These relatively nonpolar columns are recommended because they provide adequate resolution and are less prone to bleed than the more polar phases. If a DB-1, DB-5, or equivalent capillary column does not give the necessary resolution, try a more polar phase such as DB-23, CP-Sil88, or Carbowax 20M, providing the maximum operating temperature of the column is high enough for the sample of interest. See Appendix 3 for fused silica capillary columns from various suppliers. 

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