Organ specificity

Organ-spcctfic Defining organ-specific effects and defining chemically induced critical effects... 

Sedbrook, J. C., et al. (1996). Transgenic aequorin reveals organ-specific cytosolic Ca2+ responses to anoxia in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Physiol. Ill 243-257. 

Organ specific autoimmune disease Constitutively activating somatic mutation in TSH... 

Structures expressed in the organs of an individual against his own immune system can mount an immune response. Autoantigens can be organ specific (e.g. insulin) or present in all cells (e.g. DNA). 

Blood sugar (blood glucose) in human beings is controlled by the secretion of (—>) insulin by the beta (B- or (3-) cells of the islands of Langerhans in the pancreas. Loss of insulin synthesis leads to (—>) diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, EDDM) begins in juveniles as an organ-specific autoimmune reaction, the destructive insulitis. 

Autoimmune Disease. Table 1 Autoimmune diseases Organ-specific autoimmune diseases... 

Cole et al. (1995) reported on knock-out mice with a germ line deletion of GR. They demonstrated that lack of GR leads to perinatal death, atelectasis of the lung, and lack of adrenalin synthesis. To circumvent perinatal lethality, Tranche et al. (1999) and Brewer et al. (2003) generated tissue-specific somatic deletions of GR. This allowed to characterize GR function in the CNS, the immune system, and the liver in more detail. In particular, these approaches revealed novel aspects of organ-specific glucocorticoid physiology such as anxiety-like behavior, growth control, and polyclonal T cell activation. 

Types of autoimmune diseases vary widely, from organ-specific diseases such as thyroiditis where there may be stimulation (thyrotoxicosis) by antibody against the receptor for pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or inhibition (myxoedema) by cell destruction probably mediated by NK cells and autoantibody, through to non-... 

This then confiras the fact that NDELA penetrates the skin to act as an organ specific carcinogen as was also evident from the studies by Lijinsky jd on rats (25), from the reports by Edwards a on cosmetics in man (18) and from studies with Syrian golden hamsters in our laboratory (24). 

A number of diflFerent animal models of uveitis have been developed) including that induced by organ-specific ocular antigens such as retinal S-antigen, rhodopsin and lens protein (Wacker et al., 1977 Rao et al., 1979). Other models are based on the injection of proteins foreign to the host, such as intravitreal injections of albumin or 7-globulin (Zimmerman and Silverstein, 1959 Kaplan etal., 1979). More recently, a third group of models has been developed based on the injection of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins-1 and 2, and tumour necrosis factor (Bhattacherjee and Henderson, 1987 ... 

Acute rejection is a cell-mediated process that generally occurs within 5 to 90 days of the transplant procedure however, it can occur at any time after transplantation. This reaction is mediated through alloreactive T cells, as outlined previously. Organ-specific signs and symptoms of acute rejection are listed in Table 52-2. 

TABLE 52-2. Organ-Specific Signs and Symptoms of an Acute Rejection Episode1 3... 

Tolerance is the process that allows organ-specific antigens to be accepted as self.2,6 This would mean that the immune system would cease to respond to the allograft, and immunosuppressive medications would not be necessary. Immune tolerance has not been accomplished successfully in humans.2,6... 

Many antimicrobials undergo some degree of metabolism once ingested. Metabolism may occur via hepatic, renal, or non-organ-specific enzymatic processes. The route... 

Design an appropriate antimicrobial regimen based on both patient- and organism-specific data. 

Kouskoff V, Korganow AS, Duchatelle V, Degott C, Benoist C, Mathis D. Organ-specific disease provoked by systemic autoimmunity. Cell 1996 87(5) 811—822. 

Figure 1. Schematic description of organ-specific immunoliposomes.

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