Hormones thyroid stimulating

Thyroid-stimulating hormone can be used clinically to test thyroid function but has not found practical apphcation in the treatment of human thyroid insufficiency. Direct replacement therapy with thyroid hormone is easy and effective, owing to a simple molecular stmcture. TSH has been used in the veterinary treatment of hypothyroidism, and preparations of TSH ate produced by Cooper Animal Health, Inc. and Armour Pharmaceuticals. 

Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the endocrine system of fish. TRH = thyrotrophin releasing hormone GnRH = gonadotrophin releasing hormone CRH = corticotrophin releasing hormone TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone GtH = gonadotrophins I and II ...

Kleinau G, Claus M, Jaeschke H et al (2007) Contacts between extracellular loop two and transmembrane helix six determine basal and hormone induced activity of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 282(1 ) 518-25... 

Thyroid autonomy appears as a solitary toxic nodule or toxic multinodular goitre. In toxic thyroid, the nodule s synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones is autonomous from the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced in the pituitary gland. Accordingly TSH is suppressed and the extranodular thyroid tissue is functionally downregulated. Thyroid autonomy occurs frequently in iodine-deficient countries, whereas it is much less common in iodine-sufficient areas. Constitu-tively activating mutations in the TSH receptor and in the Gs a protein are the major molecular aetiology of toxic thyroid nodules. 

SCOT serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone... 

Use of measurement of blood thyroxine or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the neonatal diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. 

Otfier fiormones accelerate tfie release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and raise tfie plasma free fatty acid concentration by increasing the rate of lipolysis of the triacylglycerol stores (Figure 25—8). These include epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a- and P-melanocyte-stimulat-ing hormones (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), and vasopressin. Many of these activate the hormone-sensitive hpase. For an optimal effect, most of these lipolytic processes require the presence of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones. These hormones act in a facilitatory or permissive capacity with respect to other lipolytic endocrine factors. 

Figure 25-8. Control of adipose tissue lipolysis. (TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone FFA, free fatty acids.) Note the cascade sequence of reactions affording amplification at each step. The lipolytic stimulus is "switched off" by removal of the stimulating hormone the action of lipase phosphatase the inhibition of the lipase and adenylyl cyclase by high concentrations of FFA the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by adenosine and the removal of cAMP by the action of phosphodiesterase. ACTFI,TSFI, and glucagon may not activate adenylyl cyclase in vivo, since the concentration of each hormone required in vitro is much higher than is found in the circulation. Positive ( ) and negative ( ) regulatory effects are represented by broken lines and substrate flow by solid lines.

Hormone Chorionic gonadotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone fTSH)... 

Types of autoimmune diseases vary widely, from organ-specific diseases such as thyroiditis where there may be stimulation (thyrotoxicosis) by antibody against the receptor for pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or inhibition (myxoedema) by cell destruction probably mediated by NK cells and autoantibody, through to non-... 

KEY T J A, THOROGOOD M, KEENAN J, LONG A (1992) Raised thyroid stimulating hormone associated with kelp intake in British vegan men. J Hum Nutr Diet. 5 323-6. 

THOMAS G A, WILLIAMS E D (1999) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-associated follicular hypertrophy and hyperplasia as a mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in mice and rats. lARC Sci Publ. 147 45-59. 

Chorionic gonadotropin. Follicle stimulating hormone Urea, Uric add. Bilirubin, Cortisol, n-Maimitol. n-Glucose, Sodium pyruvate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy mandelic add, 4-Nitro-phenol, 17 Amino adds in HQ, Angiotensin-I, Tripahnitin, Bone meal (8 elements), Bone ash (8 elements), lithium carbonate Luteinizing hormone. Thyroid stimulating hormone... 

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) should be ordered when thyroid dysfunction is suspected. Hypothyroidism may be responsible for constipation and related symptoms. 

Tests to exclude possible causes of dementia include a depression screen, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid function tests [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine and thyroxine], complete blood cell count, and chemistry panel.21... 

Lithium is concentrated in the thyroid gland and can impair thyroid hormone synthesis. Although goiter is uncommon, as many as 30% of patients develop at least transiently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone values. Lithium-induced hypothyroidism is not usually an indication to discontinue the drug. Patients can be supplemented with levothyroxine if continuation of lithium is desired.30... 

Triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, thyroxine uptake, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. 

Discuss the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and primary thyroid disease and the advantages for the use of TSH levels over other tests such as serum T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyroinine) levels. 

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