Specific organ toxicity, definition

Compounds formed in response to stress may occur in at least two ways. In one response, the plant may form compounds throughout the tissue at a considerable distance from the infection site (Hammerschmidt, 1999). In another response, the plant may form compounds specifically at the infection site. This may include only a few cells and in rare cases, as few as one or two cells. (Snyder and Nicholson, 1990 Nicholson and Wood, 2001). In general, such compounds are referred to as either stress metabolites or more often as phytoalexins. By definition phytoalexins are formed in response to infection (Aguero et al., 2002 Lo et al., 2002 Hammerschmidt and Nicholson, 2001 Lo and Nicholson, 1998). Phytoalexins often exhibit toxicity to specific pathogens. In this case there is a genetic relationship between the expression of phytoalexin synthesis and the organism that induces that synthesis (Essenberg et al., 1985). 

The above discussion shows that a definitive toxicity specification for combustion gases is much more uncertain than that for the strictly defined flammability or smoke production, in spite of the great number and variety of toxicity test results. Even the test procedures are less established — only one of them has been standardized so far (DIN 53 436). The Technical Committee 92 of the International Standard Organization (ISO) has reached only a Technical Report, ISO/TR 6543-1979, surveying the published test methods without any appraisal. 

Definition of organ-specific toxicity, e.g., kidney, liver... 

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