Organ-specific action

Between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s, Schering AG carried out a project to develop a compound which had a much higher antagonistic action than that of spironolactone, as well as a lesser sex organ-specific action, since chronic treatment and high doses of spironolactone had caused hormonal disorders in both women and men. 

Section 8 of TSCA has made EPA and the industry aware of nitrosamine contamination in metalworking fluids. In one particular potentially significant notice of substantial risk (8E-1077-0 012), skin painting studies showed an increase above the expected normalincidence of tumors in the livers and lungs of mice with no unusual incidence of skin tumors. Due to the similarity between the observed effects and the mechanism of action of nitrosamines (i.e., the apparent systemic effect of the substance and organ specificity of the tumors), the company attributed the response to a nitrosamine contaminant in the fluid. 

The President s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board and the Department of Energy (DOE) have developed the steps outlined below to help organizations improve the security of their SCADA networks. DOE (2001) points out that these steps are not meant to be prescriptive or all-inclusive. However, they do address essential actions to be taken to improve the protection of SCADA networks. The steps are divided into two categories specific actions to improve implementation, and actions to establish essential underlying management processes and policies. 

Moreover, the neuroleptic, chlor-promazine, formerly used as a neuroleptic, is able to interact with several different receptor types. Thus, its action is neither organ-specific nor receptor-specific. 

This difference in half-lives in serum and tissues was misinterpreted in the early literature as an accumulation of aminoglycosides in the inner ear and held responsible for their organ-specificity. Such an interpretation is, however, not tenable. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are present in the fluids (perilymph and endolymph) and the tissues of the inner ear at relatively low levels, typically at one-tenth of peak serum levels. The reason for the differential sensitivity of inner ear sensory cells may then be based on the extreme persistence of the drugs or on an intrinsic susceptibility to their actions, notably to the generation of reactive oxygen species as described later. ... 

Myocardial cell membrane ATPase, the enzyme present in heart muscle, is the site of action of the cardiac steroid glycosides, which have a specific action on the heart muscle. These drugs increase the force of contraction of the muscle (positive inotropic effect) as well as its conductivity and automaticity. They are also valuable in treating congestive heart failure, in which the circulatory needs of organs are no longer satisfied, and heart arrhythmias, in which the rhythm of the cardiac contractions is upset. The effect of the drug is that the force of contraction increases and the heart rate is slowed (chronotropic effect). Consequently, the cardiac output is elevated while the size of the heart decreases. 

Organic Vapor Analyzer (OVA) Hazard Monitored Toxic concentrations of organic vapors. Application This instrument is used to determine the relative concentrations of air contaminants. The information is used to establish levels of protection and other control measures such as site specific action levels. When equipped with the gas chromatograph option, it can be used for limited... 

There are three big groups with clear, specific actions to treat three aspects of the syndrome and they are organized in a very balanced way. They treat the cause and the manifestations at the same time they focus on stopping the pathological development of Liver-Yang and Liver-wind but do not ignore the proper movement of the Qi, the condition of the Stomach and the Liver. 

DH Petering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wl Utilize aquatic organisms to study the mechanism of action (i.e, target-organ specificity, regulation of cytochrome P-450 expression) of 2,3,7,8-TCDD... 

Lack of selectivity (C). Despite appropriate dosing and normal sensitivity, undesired effects can occur because the drug does not specifically act on the targeted (diseased) tissue or organ. For instance, the anticholinergic atropine is bound only to acetylcholine receptors of the muscarinic type however, these are present in many different organs. Moreover, the neuroleptic chlorpromazine is able to interact with several different receptor types. Thus, its action is neither organ-specific nor receptor-specific. 

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