Objectives results reporting

The results reported here provide the reason for adopting the rather elaborate procedure described above for the preparation of most of the reaction systems used in this investigation. It was considered essential to eliminate the complex effects associated with the presence of adventitious oxygen, and the evidence presented here suggests that this objective can be attained by using the procedure described. 

The primary objective of the work reported here was to determine whether flames from atomized fuel could be stabihzed similarly in a refractory tube and whether such flames would also produce low concentrations of NO. . To simplify analysis of the process, a single string of uniformly sized droplets was used. Two regimes can be conceived one in which the droplets are completely evaporated prior to ignition and the other in which ignition occurs prior to complete evaporation. All of the results reported here fall in the first category. 

The results reported in the present overview dealing with the recent developments of fundamental and applied research as well as the potential applications allow one to predict that polymeric photoinitiators will, in the near future, become the object of increasing interest, particularly in the area of UV curable surface... 

The initial results reported from a metrics system will often indicate performance below expectations. Initial data may be skewed until metrics data collection is reliably implemented, and performance may continue to drop as improvement opportunities are defined and implemented. This sometimes occurs when the historical perspective of performance is too optimistic because objective measures had not been used in the past. Implementing near-miss data collection is one example The number of reported near misses will probably increase as reliability of reporting improves, so the number of reported near misses is likely to climb during the initial implementation phases of near-miss data collection. Audiences of metrics reports should be prepared for such situations, so the result is expected and potential negative reactions are managed. 

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of phase and reaction equilibria considerations in the rational development of SCF reaction schemes. Theoretical analysis of phase and reaction equilibria are presented for two relatively simple reactions, viz., the isomerizations of n-hexane and 1-hexene. Our simulated conversion and yield plots compare well with experimental results reported in the literature for n-hexane isomerization (4) and obtained by us for 1-hexene isomerization. Based on our analysis, the choice of an appropriate SCF reaction medium for each of these reactions is discussed. Properties such as viscosity, surface tension and polarity can affect transport and kinetic behavior and hence should also be considered for complete evaluation of SCF solvents. These rate effects are not considered in our equilibrium study. 

Thus the objective here is a generally applicable simulation of steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow between rigid rolls with film splitting. The results reported are solutions of the full Navier-Stokes system including the physically required boundary conditions. The analysis is also extended to a shearthinning fluid. The solutions consist of velocity and pressure fields, free surface position and shape, and the sensitivities of these variables to parameter variations, valuable information not readily available from the conventional approach (10). The rate-of-strain, vorticity, and stress fields are also available from the solutions reported here although they are not portrayed. Moreover, the stability of the flow states represented by the solutions can also be found by additional finite element techniques (11), and the results of doing so will be reported in the future. 

For process optimization with respect to several economic criteria such as net present worth, payback period and operating cost, the classical Williams and Otto (WO) process and an industrial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plant are considered. Results show that either single optimal solution or Pareto-optimal solutions are possible for process design problems depending on the objectives and model equations. Subsequently, industrial ecosystems are studied for optimization with respect to both economic and environmental objectives. Economic objective is important as companies are inherently profit-driven, and there is often a tradeoff between profit and environmental impact. Pareto-optimal fronts were successfully obtained for the 6-plant industrial ecosystem optimized for multiple objectives by NSGA-ll-aJG. The study and results reported in this chapter show the need and potential for optimization of processes for multiple economic and environmental objectives. 

The early objectives of the program were primarily exploratory, so the results reported here are essentially qualitative although within a given test series weight can be given to concentration ratios of components of a test sample mixture for comparison purposes. 

Before statistical parameters were developed, the mean of the results reported by each participant in the water metals and water trace elements studies were plotted on normal probability paper to determine the distribution. Values showing a gross deviation from the normal distribution were then rejected as nonrepresentative because of errors in calculation, dilution, or other indeterminate factors and were not used in subsequent calculations. For the water nutrients study, a somewhat more sophisticated, and more objective, computer-programmed technique was used for rejection of outliers. As verified by plotting of the data on probability paper, however, the results were about the same. 

Shelnutt et al. have reported the formation of nanotubes by co-assembly of positively and negatively charged porphyrin derivatives [21]. When porphyrins 5 (Fig. 5a) and 6a (Fig. 5b), appended with sulfonate and 4-pyridyl groups, respectively, are allowed to co-assemble in water, nanotubes with 50-70 nm in diameter and approximately 20 nm in wall thickness are yielded, as observed by TEM microscopy (Fig. 5c). The use of 6b having 3-pyridyl groups, instead of 6a, for the co-assembly with 5 leads to the formation of nanotubes with a smaller diameter (35 nm) and a larger wall thickness. On the other hand, no tubular object results when 6c with 2-pyridyl groups is used for the co-assembly. It is noteworthy that the central metal ion of the pyridylporphyrin affects the nanotube formation. While similar nanotubes form when Sn " " in 6a is replaced with other six-coordinate metal ions such as Fe, Co, TiO, and the use of... 

It is the objective of this paper to discuss fundamental aspects of the thermodynamics of adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, with emphasis on providing proper definitions of experimental variables such as the surface excess, selectivity, amount adsorbed, and the relationships among them. Types of surfactant adsorption isotherms for binary systems are discussed, and it is shown that an extreme caution must be taken when interpreting isotherms for surfactant mixtures. It is hoped that this discussion will facilitate a better understanding and interpretation of experimental results reported in the literature. 

What I will do here is to provide a few central hypotheses for each objective in this book, mininfizing repetition as much as possible. However, the reader should recognize that these hypotheses were not formulated prior to actual experimentation since experimental results reported here have already been published. Furthermore, the reader will find that a number of these hypotheses are intuitively obvious, biased towards what I think are the central issues of this research, and represent provisional conclusions for this research, which may be true or may be false. Additional research will be required to ultimately determine which of these are tme (accepted) and which of these are false (rejected). We may tentatively assume them to be true until proven false. In spite of this, restating the objectives as hypotheses is constructive in that it provides an additional way of focusing on the central issues of the research described in this book. 

The main objective of this paper is to present a detailed view of various aspects of adhesion and deformation friction based mainly upon the research findings of this laboratory. An attempt is also made to analyse the large number of results reported elsewhere in order to develop a coherent presentation. Certain fundamental aspects of friction are discussed at first from a phenomenological point of view. A discussion of the law of friction relating to motion follows with a study of the stick-slip phenomena. The next part deals with the isothermal adhesive friction of elastomers on nominally flat and smooth surfaces. 

In this chapter I have reviewed some experimental results of highly dispersed (nearly exfoliated) nanocomposites, prepared by mixing, based on thermoplastic polymers, block copolymers, and liquid-crystalline polymers. In this chapter I have presented the experimental results mostly from my own publications during the past 5 years, because I know very well how the experimental results were obtained and I have confidence in the accuracy of the experimental results. This does not imply that the experimental results reported in the literature by other investigators are less important than mine. However, the readers are reminded that the primary objective of this chapter is to summarize the importance (or necessity) of having sfiong attractive interactions, via specific interaction, between the polymer matrix and the surface of clay, pristine or chemically modified, in order to obtain exfoliated nanocomposites. 

Based on the results reported in Eigure 19, k was set equal to 1 (nearest neighbour classifier), and the final model was used to predict the class belonging of the 30 samples in the test set. When the nearest neighbour model was applied to the validation set, 27 out of the 30 test objects were correctly predicted, the 3 errors all corresponding to misclassified Montepulciano d Abruzzo wines (2 predicted as Nero d Avola and 1 as Solopaca). 

The 3D inspection system has a number of measuring and report utilities that enables the user to easily find, analyse and report possible indications in the test object. As an example, a moveable 2D projection view plane can be moved along e.g, the welding geometry dynamically updating the content of the 2D projection view window. Indications can be measured using any referenee co-ordinate system and the results and screen dumps can automatically be dumped in report files suited for later import into a word processing application. 

The early Hartley model [2, 3] of a spherical micellar stmcture resulted, in later years, in some considerable debate. The self-consistency (inconsistency) of spherical symmetry witli molecular packing constraints was subsequently noted [4, 5 and 6]. There is now no serious question of tlie tenet tliat unswollen micelles may readily deviate from spherical geometry, and ellipsoidal geometries are now commonly reported. Many micelles are essentially spherical, however, as deduced from many light and neutron scattering studies. Even ellipsoidal objects will appear... 

As apparent from the contributing resonance structures, both mesoionic systems contain an azomethinylide contribution, accounting for the reaction with representative dipolarenophiles to give cycioadducts such as 3 or 4 (Scheme 4). The cydoadditions and extrmsion reactions of the adducts have been the mam object of investigation. since previous reviews on me.soionic thiazoles (2.9V Results appearing since 1969 and before June 1976 are reported for each type of compound in this chapter. Tables VIIRl-5 contain all mesoionic thiazoles described before June 1976. 

In the previous section we introduced the terms population and sample in the context of reporting the result of an experiment. Before continuing, we need to understand the difference between a population and a sample. A population is the set of all objects in the system being investigated. These objects, which also are members of the population, possess qualitative or quantitative characteristics, or values, that can be measured. If we analyze every member of a population, we can determine the population s true central value, p, and spread, O. 

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