Objectives-Oriented Evaluation

In objectives-oriented evaluation approach, the purposes of some educational activity are specified, and the evaluation process focuses on the extent to which the objectives have been achieved (Worthen and Sanders 1987,60). In this type of evaluation, the objectives are established prior to the training. The methods for attaining the objectives are included in the training materials and activities. 

Cognitive objectives deal with intellectual processes such as knowing, recognizing, and thinking. Affective objectives deal with feelings and emotions, while psychomotor objectives deal with skilled ways of moving. 

Finally, evaluation of the training should concentrate on first determining if the educational objectives were met. 

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There are a variety of models available to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs used in the workplace. Some of the approaches include the UCLA Evaluation Model, the Objective-Oriented Evaluation Model, and theTylerian Evaluation Model. While the approaches may be different, they all have a common goal of providing feedback as to whether a training program is effective. 

What is the process of designing an objectives-oriented evaluation process ... 

In the objectives oriented evaluation approach, the purposes of some educational activity are specified, and the evaluation process focuses on the extent to which the objectives have been achieved. 

Currently, computer programs for corrosion assessment and control use a combination of expert systems and an object-oriented program such as evaluation of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels,35 or a combination of expert systems and neural networks in corrosion data modeling and prediction.32... 

Simulation programs have been developed by using object-oriented-language C-b-f to evaluate the proposed system. Table 1 shows major exogenous vjiriables and parameters of simulation models, and the values of the exogenous vjuriables and parameters used for thermodynamic characteristics simulation. As shown in Teible 1, turbine inlet temperature is assumed to be 1473 K, condenser outlet pressure is 39.2 kPa (0.40 kg/cm ), and the fuel used is the natural gas composed of only methane. 

Formally, the multi-criteria analysis tasks are set by means of evaluating matrix. The columns of the matrix represent individual criteria, the lines represent individual variants. From the point of view of object-oriented design, it is more suitable to implement the criteria and variants as separate classes. Both criteria... 

Based on the objective-oriented analysis of the heuristics, the alternatives of pollution prevention are evaluated and refined. Moreover, the potentially optimal structures fi-om the point of view of the particular objectives are indicated by the respective analysis of the objectives. 

Every step of development was accompanied with the search for open standards in order to evaluate its usability for future projects. Instead of developing own protocols or using COM, CORBA was used for communication between the C++ Hybrex core and the broker. Besides several advantages it still lacked some wanted features laborious to implement and lacking object oriented features like inheritance. 

Planning Considerations for the Use of Robots. There are four points that must be considered when evaluating the feasibility of using a robot in materials handling. They are rate of handling, weight of the object, orientation of the object, and number of different items to be handled. 

Recently [40], a novel numerical approach, the object-oriented finite element (OOF) [41,42] analysis has been utilized by mapping the real micro/nano morphological images of PP/clay nanocomposites with varied clay contents between 1 and 10 wt%. Such morphological images are captured by two different microscopic techniques, the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. The tensile moduli of nanocomposites are nmnerically predicted and subsequently compared with the tensile test data. Fuithermore, the available composites models aie used to validate the numerical approach developed in the same [40] study. Finally, the effect of particle distribution on the deformation behavior is also evaluated through the tensile stress and elastic strain contours of such nanocomposites [40]. 

For demonstration purposes, with small safety cases, it was desirable to use Macintosh files to hold complete safety cases. To meet concerns about scaling up the SAM technology for use on large safety cases, and to enable team support to be provided in the future, some kind of database server was clearly desirable. An evaluation of object-oriented databases was carried out, and ONTOS was chosen. After some exploration of ONTOS capabilities, work began on defining a common interface to allow a given version of SAM to work with either files or databases. This turned out to be possible without significant disruption to the front end. 

Briand et al. [13] investigated the impact of SysML design slices on inspectors decision correctness and effort, which is important for safety certification, in a controlled experiment with 20 graduate students. The results show a significant decrease in effort and an increase in the correctness and level of certainty of the decisions. Pai and Dugan [14] empirically evaluated their Bayesian network (BN) model, relating object-oriented software metrics to software fault content and fault proneness, by using a public domain data set from a software subsystem. 

With the reference block method the distance law of a model reflector is established experimentally prior to each ultrasonic test. The reference reflectors, mostly bore holes, are drilled into the reference block at different distances, e.g. ASME block. Prior to the test, the reference reflectors are scanned, and their maximised echo amplitudes are marked on the screen of the flaw detector. Finally all amplitude points are connected by a curve. This Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) serves as the registration level and exactly shows the amplitude-over-distance behaviour" of the reference reflector for the probe in use. Also the individual characteristics of the material are automatically considered. However, this curve may only be applied for defect evaluation, in case the reference block and the test object are made of the same material and have undergone the same heat treatment. As with the DGS-Method, the value of any defect evaluation does not consider the shape and orientation of the defect. The reference block method is safe and easy to apply, and the operator need not to have a deep understanding about the theory of distance laws. 

The results presented below were obtained using a 2 mm thick carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminate with 16 layers. The laminate was quasi isotropic with fiber orientations 0°, 90° and 45°. The laminate had an average porosity content of approximately 1.7%. The object was divided in a training area and an evaluation area. The model parameters were determined by data solely from the training area. Both ultrasound tranducers used in the experiment had a center frequency of 21 MHz and a 6 dB bandwidth of 70%. 

The titanosilicate version of UTD-1 has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols (77-79) by using peroxides as the oxidant. The large pores of Ti-UTD-1 readily accommodate large molecules such as 2,6-di-ferf-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP). The bulky 2,6-DTBP substrate can be converted to the corresponding quinone with activity and selectivity comparable to the mesoporous catalysts Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-HMS (80), where HMS = hexagonal mesoporous silica. Both Ti-UTD-1 and UTD-1 have also been prepared as oriented thin films via a laser ablation technique (81-85). Continuous UTD-1 membranes with the channels oriented normal to the substrate surface have been employed in a catalytic oxidation-separation process (82). At room temperature, a cyclohexene-ferf-butylhydroperoxide was passed through the membrane and epoxidation products were trapped on the down stream side. The UTD-1 membranes supported on metal frits have also been evaluated for the separation of linear paraffins and aromatics (83). In a model separation of n-hexane and toluene, enhanced permeation of the linear alkane was observed. Oriented UTD-1 films have also been evenly coated on small 3D objects such as glass and metal beads (84, 85). 

The publicly-funded fuel cell research program started in 1985, with the main activities performed at the Energy research Centre ofthe Netherlands (ECN). Between 1985 and 2001, about 100 million was invested by mixed public-private funds in the development of fuel cell and hydrogen energy. The objectives ofthe Dutch fuel cell programs were initially oriented to the application of coal gas in MCFC based systems. The MCFC activities were terminated in 2001, after an evaluation failed to indicate its commercial viability with natural gas. Afterwards, the activities shifted to SOFC and PEM technology for high efficient conversion of natural gas in small-scale decentralised units. 

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