Nitrogenous Derivatives

Unsuccessful attempts to prepare a crystalline semicarbazone7 and oxime7 from D-glucosone have been reported. 

The reaction of D-glucosone and other osones with cyanide, as a first stage in the synthesis of ascorbic acid and its analogs, has been reviewed by Smith.136 

---

The field of application for liquid chromatography in the petroleum world is vast separation of diesel fuel by chemical families, separation of distillation residues (see Tables 3.4 and 3.5), separation of polynuclear aromatics, and separation of certain basic nitrogen derivatives. Some examples are given later in this section. 

Triazines. Triazine herbicides are one of several herbicide groups that are heterocycHc nitrogen derivatives. Triazine herbicides include the chloro-, methylthio-, and methoxytriazines. They are used for the selective pre-emergence control and early post-emergence control of seedling grass and broadleaved weeds in cropland (299). In addition, some of the triazines, particularly atrazine, prometon [1610-18-0] and simazine [122-34-9] are used for the nonselective control of vegetation in noncropland (2). Simazine may be used for selective control of aquatic weeds (2). 

Other Heterocyclic Nitrogen Derivative Herbicides. The herbicides in this group are heterocycHc nitrogen derivatives that do not readily fall into one of the previously discussed groups. They have a wide range of uses and properties. Most of these herbicides are used for selective, pre-and/or post-emergence weed control. Amitrole is used for post-emergence, nonselective weed control in non-croplands and also as an aquatic herbicide (2,296). 

Fatty amines are nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols prepared from natural sources, fats and oils, or petrochemical raw materials. Commercially available fatty amines consist of either a mixture of carbon chains or a specific chain length from C The amines are classified as... 

Patty amines and chemical products derived from the amines are used in many industries. Uses for the nitrogen derivatives may be broken down as follows as a percentage of total market fabric softeners (46%), oil field chemicals (15%), asphalt emulsifiers (10%), petroleum additives (10%), mining (4%), and others (15%) (8). 

S. H. Shapiro, "Commercial Nitrogen Derivatives of Fatty Acids," in E. Pattison, ed., Patty A.cids and Their Industrial Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1968, pp. 77—154. 

Fine andFunctional Chemicals, Nitrogen Derivatives, General Catalog Bulletin 89—74, Ak2o Chemicals, Inc., Chicago, lU., 1989. 

Apart from a short section in an early book on phthalazines (53HC(5)198), the only previous general account of significance occurs in a chapter in a now dated volume on fused pyridazines, which covers work up to 1969 (73HC(27)968), and which also includes bridgehead nitrogen derivatives not relevant to this review. A later review (75MI21504) does exist but is in Japanese. 

Mcntasty el al. [35] and others [13, 36] have measured methane uptakes on zeolites. These materials, such as the 4A, 5A and 13X zeolites, have methane uptakes which are lower than would be predicted using the above relationship. This suggests that either the zeolite cavity is more attractive to 77 K nitrogen than a carbon pore, or methane at 298 K, 3.4 MPa, is attracted more to a carbon pore than a zeolite. The latter proposition is supported by the modeling of Cracknel et al. [37, 38], who show that methane densities in silica cavities will be lower than for the equivalent size parallel slit shaped pore of their model carbon. Results reported by Ventura [39] for silica xerogels lead to a similar conclusion. Thus, porous silica adsorbents with equivalent nitrogen derived micropore volumes to carbons adsorb and deliver less methane. For delivery of 150 V./V a silica based adsorbent would requne a micropore volume in excess of 0.70 ml per ml of packed vessel volume. 

The subscripts c, r,f, d, and i denote chain, ring, formation, decomposition, and isomerization, respectively. and F, are the amoimts of nitrogen derived from the arenediazoazide and arylpentazole, respectively. 

Akzo. Industrial Surfactants, Nitrogen Derivatives. Technical literature and catalog. Akzo-Nobel, Inc., USA. 1992. 

Linfield, Jungermann, and Guttmann [181,183,184] extended this reaction to a number of long-chain fatty nitrogen derivatives to form products with surface-active and antibacterial properties, as shown in Eqs. (109) and (110) ... 

The numerous reactions between nitrogenous derivatives with different states of oxidation are represented in the table (pi 68), which is more difficult to read than the usual summary tables in which there are less troublesome crossings between lines and groups. 

Plants synthesize all the amino acids they require. They do so using as raw material carbohydrates, which they make during photosynthesis, and nitrogen, derived from nitrate ions absorbed from the soil. Animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids required for their regular living, health, and growth. Those they cannot synthesize, known as the essential amino acids, are acquired from plants and/or animals they consume as food. Human beings, for example, acquire nine essential amino acids from their diet. 

Leute R., Bolz G. Nitrogen derivates of benzoyl ecgonine. U.S. patent 3888 866, 1975. 

Nitro compounds are versatile precursors for diverse functionalities. Their conversion into carbonyl compounds by the Nef reaction and into amines by reduction are the most widely used processes in organic synthesis using nitro compounds. In addition, dehydration of primary nitro compounds leads to nitrile oxides, a class of reactive 1,3-dipolar reagents. Nitro compounds are also good precursors for various nitrogen derivatives such as nitriles, oximes, hydroxylamines, and imines. These transformations of nitro compounds are well established and are used routinely in organic synthesis. 

Ladd JN, Amato M, Parsons JW (1977) Studies of nitrogen immobilization and mineralization in calcareous soils. 111. Concentration and distribution of nitrogen derived from soil biomass. In Soil organic matter studies, vol 1. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp 301-311... 

Although relatively few compounds contain only carbon and nitrogen, derivatives such as the cyanides have commercially important uses. Also, calcium cyanamide, CaCN2, can be prepared by the reaction... 

In addition to the foregoing examples, periodate oxidation has been applied to isotopically labeled sugars (for the determination of label distribution), 226 -226 to certain branched-chain sugars,227-229 and to some nitrogenous derivatives of the simple sugars.230-236... 

Furazan- and furoxan-carboxylic acids are unstable compounds (see CHEC-II(1996) Section 4.05.7.1.3), but their ester and nitrogen derivatives are readily accessible and can be used for subsequent transformations. Thus,... 

Prolinol-Type Chiral Auxiliaries. In this section, applications of chelation-enforced chirality transfers with nitrogen derivatives are discussed... 

---