Nitrogenous derivatives of

Fatty amines are nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols prepared from natural sources, fats and oils, or petrochemical raw materials. Commercially available fatty amines consist of either a mixture of carbon chains or a specific chain length from C The amines are classified as... 

S. H. Shapiro, "Commercial Nitrogen Derivatives of Fatty Acids," in E. Pattison, ed., Patty A.cids and Their Industrial Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1968, pp. 77—154. 

Leute R., Bolz G. Nitrogen derivates of benzoyl ecgonine. U.S. patent 3888 866, 1975. 

In addition to the foregoing examples, periodate oxidation has been applied to isotopically labeled sugars (for the determination of label distribution), 226 -226 to certain branched-chain sugars,227-229 and to some nitrogenous derivatives of the simple sugars.230-236... 

FADAs are nitrogen derivatives of coconut oil synthesised from fatty acid and diethanolamine. Equimolar amounts of the two starting compounds yield water-insoluble monoethanolamides, whereas the reaction of two moles of diethanolamine with one of the acids results in water-soluble FADA possessing the typical alkyl chain distribution with the C12/C14 homologues prevailing [33]. 

Fulminating silver is the most violently explosive compound among the nitrogen derivatives of the noble metals. Formed from action of ammonia on silver oxide, or on addition of potassium hydroxide to an ammoniacal solution of a silver salt, it is a black powder which explodes violently in the liquid in which it is formed if the slightest stirring is used. It probably contains amminesilver hydroxides, [Ag(NH3),]OH. 

The nitrogen mustard analogues are nitrogen derivatives of sulfur mustard, used as poison gas in World War I. Agents include cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifos-famide, uramustine and estramustine. 

C. W. Glankler, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56, 802A-805A (1979) . .Nitrogen Derivatives of Fatty Acids, Secondary and Tertiary Amines, Quaternary Salts, Diamines, Imidazolines". 

Azo or diazene compounds possess the —N=N— grouping. Aliphatic azo compounds of the type R—N=N—H appear to be highly unstable and decompose to R—H and nitrogen. Derivatives of the type R—N=N—R are much more stable and can be prepared as mentioned above by oxidation of the corresponding hydrazines. Aromatic azo compounds are available in considerable profusion from diazo coupling reactions (Section 23-IOC) and are of commercial importance as dyes and coloring materials. 

The neutral nitrogen compounds include tertiary aliphatic nitro compounds and aromatic nitro compounds amides (simple and substituted) nitrogen derivatives of aldehydes and ketones (hydrazones, semicarbazones, etc.) nitriles nitroso, azo, hydrazo and other intermediate reduction products of aromatic nitro compounds. The imides, primary and secondary nitro compounds, oximes and primary sulphonamides are weakly acidic nitrogen compounds. All the above nitrogen compounds and also the secondary sulphonamides, with few... 

Cleavage of hydrazones, oximes, and semicarbazones. Amberlyst 15, an ion-exchange resin with sulfonic acid groups, is a superior reagent for exchange of nitrogeneous derivatives of carbonyl compounds with acetone. Yields are 85-95% with reactions that proceed at room temperature.1... 

The Reaction of Sodium Metaperiodate with Some Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbohydrates, M. J. Abercrombie and J. K. N. Jones, Can. ]. Chem., 38 (1960) 308-309. 

Behavior of Carbethoxynitrene toward Polyisoprene Structures. After studying the reaction of a number of divalent carbon derivatives with polyenes (17, 18), attention was directed to monovalent nitrogen derivatives. Of these, carbethoxynitrene, N—C02Et, gives addition reactions with olefins (12, 13). It can be produced either by photolysis of ethyl azidoformate (12), or by a-elimination (13) (Figure 5). 

Silazine. A nitrogen derivative of a silane, as disilazine, HaSi—NH—S1H3. 

A munber of nitrogen derivatives of phosphoric and polyphosphoric acid (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine pyrophosphate) are used for improving the flame retardance of polyurethanes and other polymers. In thermal decomposition these compounds produce ammonia and the corresponding phosphoric acids which catalyze dehydration and other reactions, causing polymer dehydration during combustion. The coke produced in this process is more or less foamed. Ammonium polyphosphate and melamine pyrophosphate are added to compositions of intumes-cent coatings used for fire protection of various structural elements in construction... 

The reaction between Pd(acac)2 and lithium / -diketiminate, a nitrogen derivative of acac, gives a mixed-ligand and homoleptic complex. Interestingly, these complexes are stable at ambient temperature, but in acetonitrile solution they decompose to elemental Pd presumably due to reaction of Pd(II) and the acac ligand. Fmthermore, in pentane or ether solution the complex can isomerize into the thermodynamically stable form. Both isomers are similar, but their NMR spectra are inequivalent due to an asymmetric structure with nonrotating substituents. Since one of the imine groups is coordinated to the Pd ion, this isomerization results in the formation of a chiral center at the coordinated C atom. 

Whereas isolated imines are relatively unstable and readily undergo hydrolysis to form carbonyl compounds, alkylated imines and imino derivatives are found as stable compounds in a variety of situations. Thus a number of nitrogen derivatives of aldehydes and ketones, such as the oxime, semicarbazone and hydrazone, contain an imino fragment. 

Asymmetric Alkylations. The use of nitrogen derivatives of carbonyl compounds (imines, imides, amides, sultams, oxazo-lines) is often the most efficient procedure for achieving a-alkylations. Chiral auxiliaries bearing heteroatoms in a 1,2-relationship appear to work best, as they have chelation sites for the metal cation. High levels of asymmetric induction can thus be achieved due to the system rigidity. Cyclic ketones have been alkylated via the lithiated enamine formed from L-f-leucine f-butyl ester (eq 1). High enantiomeric excesses and predictability of absolute configuration make this method attractive. 

Fatty Amines. Fatty amines are the most important nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids. They are produced by the reaction of fatty acids with ammonia and hydrogen. They are the bases for the manufacture of quaternary ammonium compounds used as fabric softeners and biocides. Fatty amine oxides are mild to the skin with good cleaning and foaming properties and find application as a shampoo ingredient. The above mentioned products are but some of the oleochemical derivatives from coconut fatty acids (5). 

The tautomerism and geometrical isomerism of several nitrogenous derivatives of carbonyl compounds have been examined by means of polarography . For example the phenylhydrazones of acetaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde isomerized in alcoholic solution to the ene-hydrazine form (RNHNHCH-=CHR). On the basis... 

The bishydrazones of DHA and related compounds have been studied and used to synthesize a number of nitrogen derivatives of DHA (18-23), Thus the bisphenylhydrazone of DHA is reduced by hydrogen/platinum to 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyascorbic acid, which in turn can be converted to a variety of acyl derivatives. The structure of DHA phenylosazone is a hexenonelactone (24),... 

The nitrogen derivatives of L-ascorbic acid or its dehydro derivative, and the rationale for interest in these derivatives, are reviewed. In particular, the reactions of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DHA) with o-phenylenediamine or its substituted derivatives are surveyed as well as the reactions of DHA with hydrazines, which yield monohydrazones or bishydrazones. Further conversion of these initial derivatives into a variety of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds is evaluated. The reactions of i.-ascorbic acid with amino acids are also examined. 

Nitrogen derivatives of L-ascorbic acid are important because they have been used extensively for the vitamin s determination (J) in the form of the bis(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone) of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (l). In addition, because of the commercial availability of L-ascorbic acid with a relatively low price as well as the widespread use of hetero-... 

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