Nitrogen-containing derivatives, physical properties

Phosphorus compounds exhibit an enormous variety of chemical and physical properties as a result of the wide range ia the oxidation states and coordination numbers for the phosphoms atom. The most commonly encountered phosphoms compounds are the oxide, haUde, sulfide, hydride, nitrogen, metal, and organic derivatives, all of which are of iadustrial importance. The hahde, hydride, and metal derivatives, and to a lesser extent the oxides and sulfides, are reactive iatermediates for forming phosphoms bonds with other elements. Phosphoms-containing compounds represented about 6—7% of the compound hstiugs ia Chemical Abstracts as of 1993 (1). 

In general, pyridazine can be compared with pyridine. It is completely miscible with water and alcohols, as the lone electron pairs on nitrogen atoms are involved in formation of hydrogen bonds with hydroxylic solvents, benzene and ether. Pyridazine is insoluble in ligroin and cyclohexane. The solubility of pyridazine derivatives containing OH, SH and NH2 groups decreases, while alkyl groups increase the solubility. Table 1 lists some physical properties of pyridazine. 

Synthetic fuels derived from coal, shale, and tar sands are different from petroleum fuels in chemical and physical properties. Those different properties lead to substantial differences in combustion characteristics and emission. Relative to conventional oils, the synthetic fuels contain high aromatic, fuel nitrogen, and ash and trace mineral and low hydrogen, volatility, and heat of combustion and more corrosive in nature. Therefore, the combustion of synthetic fuels will generate more soot and more NOx and S02 emissions, and is more difficult to be used than that of petroleum fuels in a practical system. This is a challenge for combustion engineers to utilize synthetic fuels in full-scale equipment.19... 

Amines and amides are two classes of organic compounds which contain nitrogen. Amines behave as organic bases and may be considered as derivatives of ammonia. Amides are compounds which have a carbonyl group connected to a nitrogen atom and are neutral. In this experiment, you will learn about the physical and chemical properties of some members of the amine and amide families. 

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