Soil biomass

Eor certain types of study, e.g., soil dissipation, additional factors may need to be recorded, e.g., soil biomass, specific soil moisture content, soil conductivity, and pH. 

S.L. Trabue, T.M. Crowe, and J.H. Massey, Changes in soil biomass and microbial community structure as affected by storage temperature and duration effect on the degradation of metsul-furon methyl in Pesticide Environmental Eate Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Eield Studies , ed. W. Phelps, K. Winton, and W.R. Effland, ACS Symposium Series 813, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2002). 

Jenkinson DS, Powlson DS (1976) The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. V. A method for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biol Biochem 8 209-213... 

Ladd JN, Amato M, Parsons JW (1977) Studies of nitrogen immobilization and mineralization in calcareous soils. 111. Concentration and distribution of nitrogen derived from soil biomass. In Soil organic matter studies, vol 1. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp 301-311... 

The ability to process a wide range of feedstocks including coal, heavy oils, petroleum coke, heavy refinery residuals, refinery wastes, hydrocarbon contaminated soils, biomass, and agricultural wastes. 

Soil biomass Organic matter present as five microbial tissue... 

Humus Total of the organic compounds in soil, exclusive of undecayed plant and animal tissues, their partial decomposition products, and the soil biomass... 

Soil Biomass Soil Organic Matter Soluble Organic P Decaying Plant Residues... 

Stott, D. E., Martin, J. P., Focht, D. D. Haider, K. (1983). Biodegradation, stabilization in humus, and incorporation into soil biomass of 2,4-D and chlorocatechol carbons. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 47, 66-70. 

Kassim, G., Martin J. R, and Haider, K. (1981). Incorporation of a wide variety of organic substrate carbons into soil biomass as estimated by the fumigation procedure. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45,1106-1112. 

The situation is different for aqueous species of humic substances, the organic matter in soil that is not identifiable as unaltered or partially altered biomass or as conventional biomolecules.21 Humic substances comprise organic compounds that are not synthesized directly to sustain the life cycles of the soil biomass. More specifically, they comprise polymeric molecules produced through microbial action that differ from biopolymers because of their molecular structure and their long-term persistence in soil. This definition of humic substances implies no particular set of organic compounds, range of relative molecular mass, or mode of chemical reactivity. What is essential is dissimilarity to conventional biomolecular structures and biologically refractory behavior. 

Finally, we consider acidification mechanisms specific to the continents so that ocean acidification is not an issue. Both enhanced respiration by surviving plant roots and bacterial decomposition of dead biomass witliin soils following Uie impact may have increased soil carbonic acid concentrations and soil weathering. (Dead biomass is also a source of alkalinity as Ca and other cations are released into the soil solution, but this process neutralized only a fraction of Uie total carbonic acid produced.) The subsurface soil biomass presently contains 2 x 10 moles C, which, if multiplied by -4 in the late Cretaceous, may liave been able to supply just enough carbonic acid to explain the foram Sr data. However, nearly all of the subsurface soil biomass would liave to have been decomposed by bacteria. Furthermore, the vast majority of CO2 released in soils diffuses out of the soil and joins the atmosphere [27], The numbers for plant root respiration are even less favorable. Presently, respiration accounts for 0.5 X 10 mol C yr released in soils. In the post-K/T impact atmosphere photosyntliesis was very likely interrupted for at least several months by dust and aerosols [7,8], so surviving plants would have had to respire at four times present biomass. One year of respiration yielded 2 x 10 mol CO2, not enough to weather Sr even if the CO2 remained in the soil. 

Ampleman G et al., Evaluation of the Contamination by Explosives in Soils, Biomass and Surface Water at Cold Lake Air Weapons Range (CLAWR), Alberta, Phase I Report, DRDC-Valcartier TR 2003-208, December 2003. 

Distinguish between soil organic matter, humus, and soil biomass. 

Further, although biomass was a frequent pool in these models, its treatment was often indistinguishable from active forms of SOM. One might consider inclusion of soil biomass in this way to be tokenism. 

Biological effects are involved with activities in the soil by bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, earthworths, roots, root hairs, soil biomass. 

Kanazawa S, Filip Z. 1987. [Effects of trichloroethylene, tetraehloroethylene, and dichloromethane on soil biomass and microbial coimts]. Zentralbl Bakteriol Hyg [B] 184 24-33. (German)... 

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