Fatty nitrogen derivatives

Linfield, Jungermann, and Guttmann [181,183,184] extended this reaction to a number of long-chain fatty nitrogen derivatives to form products with surface-active and antibacterial properties, as shown in Eqs. (109) and (110) ... 

HPV Fatty Nitrogen Derived Amides Categories www.epa.gov/chemrik/fantdrad/cl3319rt.pdf... 

Fatty amines are nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols prepared from natural sources, fats and oils, or petrochemical raw materials. Commercially available fatty amines consist of either a mixture of carbon chains or a specific chain length from C The amines are classified as... 

S. H. Shapiro, "Commercial Nitrogen Derivatives of Fatty Acids," in E. Pattison, ed., Patty A.cids and Their Industrial Applications, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1968, pp. 77—154. 

Most of the inhibitors in use are organic nitrogen compounds and these have been classified by Bregman as (a) aliphatic fatty acid derivatives, b) imidazolines, (c) quaternaries, (d) rosin derivatives (complex amine mixtures based on abietic acid) all of these will tend to have long-chain hydrocarbons, e.g. CigH, as part of the structure, (e) petroleum sulphonic acid salts of long-chain diamines (preferred to the diamines), (/) other salts of diamines and (g) fatty amides of aliphatic diamines. Actual compounds in use in classes (a) to d) include oleic and naphthenic acid salts of n-tallowpropylenediamine diamines RNH(CH2) NH2 in which R is a carbon chain of 8-22 atoms and x = 2-10 and reaction products of diamines with acids from the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbons. Attention has also been drawn to polyethoxylated compounds in which the water solubility can be controlled by the amount of ethylene oxide added to the molecule. 

FADAs are nitrogen derivatives of coconut oil synthesised from fatty acid and diethanolamine. Equimolar amounts of the two starting compounds yield water-insoluble monoethanolamides, whereas the reaction of two moles of diethanolamine with one of the acids results in water-soluble FADA possessing the typical alkyl chain distribution with the C12/C14 homologues prevailing [33]. 

C. W. Glankler, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56, 802A-805A (1979) . .Nitrogen Derivatives of Fatty Acids, Secondary and Tertiary Amines, Quaternary Salts, Diamines, Imidazolines". 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the applications of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus facilitate transport in pipe systems (413). Fatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The bigb nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), cellulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

Fatty acids or their esters can be used as the starting materials for making fatty alcohols and fatty nitrogen compounds. These products can be further modified to produce various derivatives. Hence oleochemicals are often divided into at least two categories basic oleochemicals and derivatives. The five basic oleochemicals are... 

Fatty Amines. Fatty amines are the most important nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids. They are produced by the reaction of fatty acids with ammonia and hydrogen. They are the bases for the manufacture of quaternary ammonium compounds used as fabric softeners and biocides. Fatty amine oxides are mild to the skin with good cleaning and foaming properties and find application as a shampoo ingredient. The above mentioned products are but some of the oleochemical derivatives from coconut fatty acids (5). 

The main raw material is the fatty nitrile derived from the reaction of fatty acid with ammonia. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitrile produces the amines. The amines are available as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine, depending on the number of the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. 

Effect of Demulsifier Mixture. In previous studies (27) Duo-meen C, which was effective in causing flocculation of the water droplets, was not very effective in breaking the interfacial film formed between the water droplets, which inhibits coalescence. (Duomeen C is a mixture of many types of surfactants the general classification is a fatty acid ester nitrogen derivative.) However, Duomeen C in combination with docusate sodium (Aerosol OT), a hydrophilic surfactant, was much more effective in causing water separation compared to the individual chemicals. This effect is shown in Figure 16 for a 6 vol% water-in-oil (Leduc crude) emulsion in which both the UVP signal (20 min after chemical addition) and the volume... 

Most phytoalexins can be classified as either masked pheno-lics (i8oflavonoids, stllbenes, phenanthrenes, benzfurans) or as terpenoids. Fatty acid-derived polyacetylenes have been recorded in at least four plant families and nitrogen-containing phytoalexins have been described recently from the Caryophyllaceae and Gramlneae. 

Fatty amines and chemical products derived from the amines are used in many industries. Uses for the nitrogen derivatives may be broken down as follows as a percentage of total market fabric softeners (46%), oil field chemicals (15%), asphalt emulsifiers (10%), petroleum additives (10%), mining (4%), and... 

Floral scents are often complex blends of several compounds. These are mainly fatty-acid derivatives, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, isoprenoids, nitrogen-and sulfur-containing compounds. Knudsen et al. s (1993) comprehensive review of floral odors reported floral scents with as few as three compounds and as many as several hundred. A study of moth-pollinated flowers from the Nyctaginaceae reported as many as 77 compounds in floral scent and as few as one. Studies that have focussed on identifying the site of volatile production in flowers report that they are produced mostly in the petals. Volatiles are both synthesized and released by the epidermal cells or by special glandular trichomes on the petal surface. Other studies have shown that the odor of pollen is also part of the odor signal. ... 

Fatty nitrogen products Nitrogen-containing compounds derived from v etable and animal fatty acids. 

Technically important Fatty Acid Derivatives. Nitrogen-containing lipids such as primary, secondary and tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium bases, amides and nitriles, all of which find many varied applications in the plastic and textile industries, can be separated into classes on silica gel G by using ammonia-containing solvents (see Table 68) [19, 121, 162]. The first four solvents in Table 68 have been used in succession in the stepwise development technique (see p. 87) for analysing complex mixtures [121]. 

Fatty Nitrogen Products Nitrogen-containing compounds derived from vegetable and animal fatty adds. 

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