Neuropsychiatric

Neurological symptoms result from demyelination of the spinal cord and are potentially irreversible. The symptoms and signs characteristic of a vitamin B 2 deficiency include paresthesis of the hands and feet, decreased deep-tendon reflexes, unsteadiness, and potential psychiatric problems such as moodiness, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis. Neuropsychiatric disorders sometimes develop independently of the anemia, particularly in elderly patients. Visual loss may develop as a result of optic atrophy. 

One woman died after 1 week, with multiorgan failure despite intravenous dimercaptosuccinic acid chelation. The other gradually recovered from severe neuropsychiatric symptoms over several months. She had been chelated for several weeks with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid, which apparently improved her clinical condition. ... 

Mental disturbances have been reported after organophosphate exposure. Neuropsychiatric symptoms occurred in two aerial applicators, one of whom used methyl parathion as well as other insecticides. One of these pilots had high levels of exposure to a mixture containing methyl parathion, toxaphene, and Dipterex when his clothing became saturated when the tank of his aircraft accidentally overflowed. Several months after the accident, the subject complained of anxiety, dizziness, emotional lability, and frequent and severe disagreements with family members and associates. Similar observations had been... 

Zanamivir was generally well tolerated in clinical trials (Fleming 2003). During treatment with oseltamivir, nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects (Oxford 2005). A small number of severe adverse reactions in children, including neuropsychiatric events and skin hypersensitivity, have, however, been reported, primarily in Japan which has the highest use of oseltamivir (Li et al. 2007). 

Neuropsychiatric diseases Hyperventilation Panic fear attacks Globus hystericus Anaphylaxis factitia Hoigne syndrome Epileptic cramps Apoplectic insult... 

If the enzyme lesion occurs early in the pathway prior to the formation of porphyrinogens (eg, enzyme 3 of Figure 32-9, which is affected in acute intermittent porphyria), ALA and PBG will accumulate in body tissues and fluids (Figure 32-11). Glinically, patients complain of abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The precise biochemical cause of these symptoms has not been determined but may relate to elevated levels of ALA or PBG or to a deficiency of heme. 

Salomon, RM, Miller, HL, Delgado, PL and Charney, D (1993) The use of tryptophan depletion to evaluate central serotonin function in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 8 41-46. 

Howard, J.L., and Pollard, G.T. Are primate models of neuropsychiatric disorders useful to the pharmaceutical industry In Miczek, K.A., ed. Ethopharmacology Primate Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York Alan R. Liss, 1983. pp. 307-312. 

In light of this, studies of CSF 5-HIAA have been initiated in a cohort of human volunteers with a history of extensive MDMA use. Most participants in the study are individuals who have recently learned of the neurotoxic properties of MDMA and have asked to be evaluated for possible serotonergic damage. To qualify for the study, subjects must (1) have used MDMA on at least 20 to 25 occasions, (2) be drug-free for at least 2 weeks prior to participating in the study, and (3) not have a history of neuropsychiatric illness thought to involve alterations in serotonin metabolism. To date, 34 individuals have participated in the study. The study is now in progress, and completion is anticipated by 1991. At this time, it would be premature to comment on the results. 

Neuropsychiatric Depression, anxiety, impaired mental cognition. 

Liotrix is a fixed-ratio LT4/T3 product, although the LT4 T3 ratio is not physiologic for humans. Several studies have been published that evaluate the use of LT4 and T3 combinations in ratios that mimic human physiology. While early studies with these combinations showed improved neuropsychiatric and quality-of-life outcomes compared with LT4 monotherapy, subsequent randomized, controlled trials have shown no outcome benefit.13 Except in rare circumstances (such as patients with impaired T4-to-T3 conversion), there is no rationale for using combinations of LT4 and T3 to treat hypothyroidism. 

Cycloserine Adults8 10-15 mg/kg per day, usually 500-750 mg/day in two doses Children 10-15 mg/kg per day Central nervous system effects Monthly assessments of neuropsychiatric status Serum concentration may be necessary until appropriate dose is established... 

Lawson, W. B. (1990). Biological markers in neuropsychiatric disorders racial and ethnic factors. In E. Sorel, ed., Family, Culture, and Psychobiology. New York Levas. 

Serretti, A., Cusin, C., Rossini, D. et al. (2004). Further evidence of a combined effect of SERTPR and TPH on SSRIs response in mood disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 129B(1), 36-40. 

When we began using reserpine at the Maudsley Hospital less than two years ago there were very few reliable accounts of its use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions and almost no controlled clinical studies. Dr D. L. Davies and I therefore conducted a clinical trial on a mixed group of out-patients, the majority of whom were suffering from anxiety and depressive reactions. The patients were given either reserpine, prescribed as Serpasil in a dose of 0.5 mg. by mouth twice daily, or a seemingly identical placebo, for a period of six weeks. The two substances... 

Tvedt B, Edland A, Skyberg K, et al. 1991a. Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae after acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning Affection of motor function, memory, vision and hearing. Acta Neurol Scand 84 348-351. 

Bonithon-Kopp C, Huel G, Moreau T. 1986a. [Lead and psychomotor development in children A critical analysis of arguments of epidemiologic origin.] Neuropsychiatr Enfanc Adolesc 34 383-394. (French)... 

Nasrallah, H., Coffman, J., Olson, S. Structural brain imaging findings in affective disorders an overview. J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 1 21, 1989. 

Hayashi, T., Su, T.P. Sigma-1 receptor ligands potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs. 18 269, 2004. 

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