Serotonin metabolism

Fuller, R.W. Wong, D.T. Snoddy, H.D. and Bymaster, F.P. Comparison of the effects of 6-chloro-2-aminotetralin and of Org 6582. a related chloramphetamine analog, on brain serotonin metabolism in rats. 

In light of this, studies of CSF 5-HIAA have been initiated in a cohort of human volunteers with a history of extensive MDMA use. Most participants in the study are individuals who have recently learned of the neurotoxic properties of MDMA and have asked to be evaluated for possible serotonergic damage. To qualify for the study, subjects must (1) have used MDMA on at least 20 to 25 occasions, (2) be drug-free for at least 2 weeks prior to participating in the study, and (3) not have a history of neuropsychiatric illness thought to involve alterations in serotonin metabolism. To date, 34 individuals have participated in the study. The study is now in progress, and completion is anticipated by 1991. At this time, it would be premature to comment on the results. 

Kala SV, Jadhav AL. 1995a. Region-specific alterations in dopamine and serotonin metabolism in brains of rats exposed to low levels of lead. Neurotoxicology 16 297-308. 

Bourgoin, S., Artaud, F., Enjalbert, A., Hery, F., Glowinski, J., and Hamon, M. (1977) Acute changes in central serotonin metabolism induced by the blockade or stimulation of serotoninergic receptors during ontogenesis in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 202 519-531. 

Trulson, M. E., and Jacobs, B. L. (1979) Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism Implications for theories of schizophrenia. Science, 205 1295-1297. 

Semak I, Korik E, Naumova M, Wortsman J, Slominski A. 2004. Serotonin metabolism in rat skin characterization by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arch Biochem Biophys 421 61. 

Ishida A, Nakajima W, Takada G. 1997. Short-term fasting alters neonatal rat striatal dopamine levels and serotonin metabolism an in vivo microdialysis study. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 104(1-2) 131-136. 

Bengtsson F, Bugge M, Vagianos C, et al. 1987. Brain serotonin metabolism and behavior in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. Res Exp Med 187 429-438. 

For therapeutical purposes selective and unselec-tive 5-HT-receptor agonists and antagonists are used. Furthermore, the serotonin metabolism can be influenced by drugs like re-uptake inhibitors and the substrate of 5-HT synthesis, L-tryptophan. 

Farisse J, Boulenguez P, Semont A, Hery F, Barden N, Faudon M, Hery M (1999) Regional serotonin metabolism imder basal and restraint stress conditions in the brain of transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor fimction. Neuroendocrinology 70 413-421... 

Inoue T, Koyama T, Yamashita I (1993) Effect of conditioned fear stress on serotonin metabolism in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44 371-374 Inoue T, Tsuchiya K, Koyama T (1994) Regional changes in dopamine and serotonin activation with various intensity of physical and psychological stress in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49 911-920... 

Whenever a CSF profile is suggestive of a disruption of dopamine and/or serotonin metabolism, analysis of the pterin profile is extremely important in order to ascertain whether disruption of biogenic amine metabolism is directly related to alteration in BH4 availability. 

Unkila M, Pohjanvirta R, MacDonald E, et al. 1993 a. Differential effect of TCDD on brain serotonin metabolism in a TCDD-susceptible and a TCDD-resistant rat strain. Chemosphere 27(l-3) 401-6. 

Fuller, R., Perry, K., c Molloy, B. (1974). Effect of an uptake inhibitor on serotonin metabolism in rat brain. Life Sciences, 15, 1161-1171. 

Glick SD, Carlson JN (1989) Regional changes in brain dopamine and serotonin metabolism induced by conditioned circling in rats effects of water deprivation, learning and individual differences in asymmetry. Brain Res 504 231-237. 

Schwarting R, Huston JP (1987) Dopamine and serotonin metabolism in brain sites ipsi- and contralateral to direction of conditioned turning in rats. J Neurochem 48 1473-1479. 

Yamamoto BK, Freed CR (1984) Asymmetric dopamine and serotonin metabolism in nigrostriatal and limbic structures of the trained circling rat. Brain Res 297 115-119. 

M., Arisawa, M., Nishida, A. (2003) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 527, 609-620 (Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism). 

An imbalance of the type-1 - type-2 immune response leading to an increased tryptophan and serotonin metabolism by activation of IDO in the CNS, which is associated with... 

In addition to the effects of the proinflammatory immune response on serotonin metabolism, other neurotransmitter systems, in particular the catecholaminergic system, are involved in depression, too. Although the relationship of immune activation and the lack of catecholaminergic neurotransmission has not been well studied, the increase of the monoamino-oxidase (MAO) activity, which leads to decreased noradrenergic neurotransmission, might be an indirect effect of the increased production of kynurenine and quinolinic acid (Schiepers et al., 2005). 

Although IL-6 is not a type-1 cytokine, it may contribute to IDO activation by the stimulatory effect on PGE2, which acts as cofactor in the activation of IDO. This fits with a report on the correlation of increased IL-6 production in vitro with decreased tryptophan levels in depressed patients that emphasizes the influence of IL-6 on the serotonin metabolism in depressed patients (Maes et al., 1993). 

Mugiya S, Fujita K, Malyszko J,Takada Y, Takada A. Renal blood flow and serotonin metabolism in tacrolimus treated rats, int J Urol 1996 3 187-190. 

Martin-Iverson, M. T., Todd, K. G., and Altar, C.A., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 activate striatal dopamine and serotonin metabolism and related behaviors interactions with amphetamine, J. Neurosci., 14, 1262, 1994. 

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