National system

The National system of testing and ealibration laboratories accreditation is established in Belarus from July 1, 1994. The System of accreditation is specified in the series of standards CTB 941.0-93 - CTB 941.3- 93, CTB 941.4-95, CTB 941.5-96. 

The main purposes of the System of accreditation is to ensure reproducibility of measurements, harmonisation of rules and procedures of the National system of accreditation with guidelines of international organizations and national systems of different countries, creation of conditions for mutual recognition of the results of testing, calibration, attestation. 

CTB 941.2-93 defines laboratories subject to accreditation in National system. Among others laboratories with legal status, results of testing and measurements of which are used in assessment of safety of products, works and services, in diagnostics of technical state of critical safety objects and vehicles are noted. These laboratories use different NDT methods in their activities. 

The National system of accreditation gives much attention to the training and qualification of NDT personnel. Significant subjective component, such as training and qualification of personnel, is present in NDT implementation and assessment of its results, thus all specialists carrying out NDT must be certified in compliance with CTBEH 473. 

Common rules and norms of metrologieal assuranee are specified in standards of National system for traceability assurance whieh develop and give eonerete expression to the provisions of the law. 

The Protein Advisory Group, ad hoc, is the working group of the WHO United Nations system involving WHO, EAO, and the United Nations International Childten s Emergency Eund (UNICEE). It has developed guidelines for the evaluation of novel sources of protein, eg, single-cell protein ... 

Table 4. The International and Corresponding National Systems of Coal Classes ...

PA.G. Statement of Milk Substitutes, No. 6, Protein Advisory Group of the United Nations System, New York, 1970. 

Establishing of the National System of Referenee Standards (NSRS) for Medieines. 

As another example, increased reliance on the control activities of national systems is being considered, with the potential for serious departure from the requirement of independent verification In their place, it is suggested that the Agency s new rights will allow it to accomplish the same purpose as classical safeguards, through increased investigation when... 

Development of a national system to verify incidents of deficiency and excess of copper and interrelated trace elements in species of concern (NAS 1977)... 

One continuing problem area in management of this and similar data required by other national systems is their confidentiality. Procter and Gamble s J. O Reilly presented a perspective on this issue, which is dealt with explicitly by TSCA s Sec. 14 and has so far been managed well by EPA. Problems are arising in... 

Stimulation of development and use of medication error reporting and evaluation systems and stimulation of reporting to a national system for review, analysis, and development of recommendations to reduce and prevent medication errors... 

Lundvah, B.-A. User-Producer Relationships, National Systems oflimovation and Intema-honahsahon. In Bengt-Ake Lundvall (Hrsg.), National Systems of Iimovation. Towards a Theory of Iimovation and Interactive Learning. London (Pinter Publisher) 1992... 

A chief law enforcement officer to whom a transferor has provided notice pursuant to paragraph (l)(A)(i)(III) shall make a reasonable effort to ascertain within 5 business days whether receipt or possession would be in violation of the law, including research in whatever State and local recordkeeping systems are available and in a national system designated by the Attorney General. 

C) upon establishment of the national system, to assist the State in the transmittal of criminal records to the national system. 

The decade which followed these decisions was a very dark one for any who believed in a separate identity for KDs or for Christians in Sabah. Sustained by control of the timber concessions which had always dominated Sabah s money politics, and backed by Kuala Lumpur, Mustapha moved to suppress the key markers of KD identity. His policy for national unity was one language, one culture and one religion . Kadazan language was removed from all schools as they became part of the national system in the late 1960s, and the use of all languages other than... 

Etzkowitz, H. 2000. The Dynamics of Innovation From National Systems and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy 29 109-123. 

ISO standards were first published in 1972 before that time ISO recommendations was the title used. It is not obligatory for the ISO standards to be incorporated into a national system but obviously the whole aim is a little defeated if this is not done. The British Standards Institute (BSI) takes a very positive attitude in this direction following the dictum Do it once, do it right, do it internationally. Wherever possible, British standards are nowadays identical with ISO standards and have the same number (some older methods are still dual numbered). Furthermore, the standard is adopted and published nationally very rapidly without significant delay. This policy is followed by many other countries but, very significantly, not by the USA. 

While the establishment and implementation of national traceability systems is left to the countries and their legislation, the mutual recognition of these national systems calls for an international mechanism, at least if worldwide mutual recognition is aimed at. The MRA of the Meter Convention for national measurement standards and calibration and measurement certificates issued by NMIs [2] can be expected to at least provide for one important aspect of the task, namely the establishment of international equivalence at the national standards level. Together with the success of the work currently carried out by the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) for the harmonization of national laboratory accreditation schemes, the MRA will be the key to comparability and hence to ac-... 

We are grateful to RSU and the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grants No. 94-03-09731, 96-03-32026, 97-03-33479, 00-15-97320), the UANL (projects PAICyT 1999-2002), and the National System of Researchers of Mexico (SNI) for financial support. We especially thank Professors Juan Manuel Barbarin Castillo and Ubaldo Ortiz Mendez for their help in preparation of this book. It is hoped that the chapters herein will be valuable to professionals in the field and to students. 

At the February meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in Dallas, Texas, the Criminalistics Section supported a resolution that the Forensic Sciences Foundation develop a concept paper for a national system of crime laboratory proficiency testing This, subsequently, resulted in a grant award to the Foundation for an eighteen-month study which will test the feasibility of regular proficiency testing in the nation s forensic laboratories. 

Acknowledgments The National Science Foundation (USA) provided support for this research through grant CHE-0451810 to Auburn University. R.F.-M. would like to thank CONACyT (Mexico) for postdoctoral funding at the University of Guanajuato, and the Mexican National System of Researchers (Sistema Nacional de Investigadores) for support. 

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