Nation state

Caibon tetiachloiide, as aie the other chlorinated methanes, is heavily regulated at the national, state, and local level. The manufacturing, storage, and... 

While some pollution is an unfortunate consequence of modem industrial life, tliere are national, state, and local laws tliat limit tlie amount and kinds of pollution allowed. In some cases these laws completely prohibit certain types of pollution. 

EPAct also nationalized state efforts that had gotten underway to regulate water consumption of toilets, plumbing fittings, and showerheads. The faucet and showerhead standards reduce hot water use, thereby saving energy for consumers. The toilet effi-... 

Social impact assessment can be defined as the process of assessing or estimating the social consequences that are likely to follow from specific policy actions or project development, particularly in the context of appropriate national, state, or provincial environmental policy legislation (Vanclay 2003 Burdge 2004). It includes all social and cultural consequences to human populations of any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs, and generally cope as members of society... 

Some of the most famous ritual occasions in physical science are the celebrations of the retirement of the leader of a school or the founder of a discipline, a subject discussed in some detail by Abir-Am for molecular biology. On these occasions, the elders of the disciplinary tribe reminisce about the founders of the tribe, associating themselves with the heroes and confirming their special magic.44 Two such occasions, one a celebration of Auguste Kekule and the other of Marcellin Berthelot at the turn of this century, are remarkable instances of the degree to which the ritual of the scientific community may also become part of a larger ritual of the nation-state, much like the state funeral of Newton in 1727. The details of these two occasions deserve attention. 

Elaine Daney Carzo, ed., National State Papers of the United States, 1789-1817 (Wilmington, Del. Michael Glazier, 1985), vol. 13, p. 227. 

One of the best ways to determine that potential is to examine the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which by law in most jurisdictions must be provided by the manufacturer for any hazardous material used in the workplace and made available to the employees by plant management. The MSDS provides all the information necessary to determine the hazard potential and the requirements for control of any hazardous substance. Still other information can be found in the various guidelines published by the American Industrial Health Association, or by the U.S. National Safety Council, or by NIOSH (the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) or various other national, state, or provincial government bodies. (See Appendix II for information on sources.) Once you have an inventory, of course, you can start relating potential health problems to possible sources in particular areas. Also, in the process of preparing this report, you will begin to build an invaluable library that will stand you in good stead for further consideration of the problems at hand. 

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002b. National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels among Children Aged 19-35 Months United States,... 

Gun Violence Gun Safety National State Resource Guide. Central Maine Medical Center. Available online. URL http //www.cmmc.org/ gunsafety.htm. Downloaded on July 7, 2004. Provides contact information and links to numerous national organizations related to gun safety and gun violence, plus state organizations in Maine. 

The mid-twentieth century marked one of the greatest watersheds of Asian history. The relatively brief Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia and much of China, and its sudden ending with the atomic bombs of August 1945, telescoped what might have been a long-term transition into a dramatic and violent revolution. In essence, imperial constructs were declared to be nation-states, the sole legitimate model of twentieth century politics, sanctioned in the sovereign equality principle of the United Nations charter (1945). 

How do we explain this difference from the fate of empires in Europe It was the task of nationalism to invent the new nation-states for the post-1945 world, but was this nationalism a different beast altogether from that of Europe Could we imagine nationalism in Europe sanctifying the multi-ethnic borders created by the Hapsburgs, Romanovs and Ottomans, as we do in Asia for the empires of British, Dutch, Spanish, French and Manchus If Asian nation-states were to perform this transformation from the immense variety and antiquity of their ethnic, political and civilisational forms, without fragmenting the leviathans of imperial construction, they would require a kind of magic—the imperial alchemy of my title. The base metal of empire would have to be transmuted into the gold of nationhood. 

Two kinds of alchemy were at work here. The revolutionary alchemist was the most daring, insisting that the ideal model of the modern nation state should be implemented within the imperial borders without delay. His gold comprised the sovereignty of the people, the equality of all citizens under a unified and centralised state, and a complete break with... 

Other imperial constructs decolonised and democratised in a series of federal compromises which left the outer shell of empire still able to act in the world as a nation-state with the same borders as the old. India is the classic case, but in Southeast Asia the example was followed in Malaysia s strikingly asymmetric form of federalism. 

More than the other two forms, anti-imperial nationalism was the child of very specific conditions in the first half of the twentieth century. Imperialism changed its nature profoundly in the decades before and after 1900, as colonial governments extended their sovereignty to internationally agreed boundaries and assumed most of the unitary functions of nation-states elsewhere. The twentieth century imperial combination of creating a structure that looked like a modern nation state but lacked... 

There is much evidence that nationalism, as well as the nation-state that was its object, has already passed its peak , as Vaclav Havel put it before... 

The highlands of Sumatra, despite being more densely settled and culturally sophisticated than the lowlands before the twentieth century, remain a striking case of Eric Wolf s (1982) People without History . Ashis Nandy points out that it is the statelessness, rather than the inaccessibility, of such peoples that has denied them a history. In his view, modern secular history as practised in the academies is inextricably linked as a mode of analysis with the modern nation-state and its rise. History traces the lineage and legitimacy of modem states, and distorts our understanding of the past by doing so (Nandy 1995). 

Indonesia and its imperial predecessor are the only form of state the Batak have known. It is now also the only true nation-state they can readily imagine. 

Both the Dutch and British colonial constructs remained extraordinarily plural, in language, religion and political formation. Few in the 1930s (except the Indonesian nationalists) believed that they could or should ever become single nation-states. Yet the pluralism was so pervasive at every level that lesser ethnie nationalisms had even more difficulty... 

---