United States National Institutes

During the 1980s, the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published a series of papers gjving the results of exper-... 

This is a contribution from the Bioinorganic Chemistry Group, which was supported by grants from the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the United States National Institutes of Health (AM 17989). 

United States Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, 26 33-34 U.S. HPV Challenge Program, 24 186 U.S. Metric Association, 15 768 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) steam tables, 23 202 United States National Laboratories (USNL), 24 358... 

The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) has stipulated seven ethical requirements to ensure that, before a trial begins, there is proper consideration of ethical issues and the trial subjects are protected. The essential tenet is that the potential exploitation of human subjects must be minimized and the risk-benefit ratio must be favorable. There are seven ethical requirements ... 

This volume includes evaluations of the carcinogenicity of several chemical intermediates or additives to which a large number of workers are exposed in various industries. Information on the extent of occupational exposures to many of these compounds in the United States was available from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NOES was a nationwide observational survey conducted in a sample of 4490 establishments from 1981 to 1983. The target population was defined as employees working in establishments or job sites in the United States of America employing eight or more workers in a defined list of Standard Industrial Classifications. 

This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement 5 UOl CA33193 awarded by the United States National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support has been provided since 1986 by the European Commission, since 1993 by the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and since 1995 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Cooperative Agreement Assistance CR 824264. 

United States National Institute for Standards and Technology http / / www.nist.gov/... 

The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has approved a method for the analysis of chloroprene in workplace air. The method [Method 1002] involves passing the sample through a solid sorbent tube of coconut shell charcoal, desorbing with carbon disulfide, and analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The estimated limit of detection for this method is 0.03 mg per sample or 3.8 mg/m3 assuming a maximum air sample of 8 L (Eller, 1994). 

Concentrations of dichloromethane measured in 1968-73 in a plant producing plastic films in the United States were 458-2060 mg/m in the casting area, 583-3350 mg/m in the filtration area, 625-659 mg/m in the winding area and 160-1130 mg/m in offices (United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1976). 

Current occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane in North America occurs predominantly during the manufacture of other chemicals, such as vinyl chloride, where 1,2-dichloroethane is used as an intermediate. In a 1982 National Occupational Exposure Survey by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 28% of employees working with adhesives and solvents were exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane, while between 5 and 9% of workers were exposed to the substance in the medicinals and botanicals, biological products, petroleum refining and organic chemicals industries, and in museums and art galleries (United States Department of Labor, 1989). 

The Working Group was also aware of inhalation studies with dimethylformamide conducted for the United States National Institute of Occupational Health. These involved exposure to 400 ppm [1200 mg/m ] for 7 h in a rat bone-marrow cell cytogenetic study, for 7 h per day for five days in a rat bone-marrow cell cytogenetic study, a male rat dominant lethal assay and a mouse sperm morphology assay and for 2.25 h in a Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethal assay. All results were negative. 

United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1976). 

This work was supported by the United States National Institute of Health (GM 29198). 

United States. National Institute on Dmg Abuse. . 

This web site, a service of the United States National Institutes of Health, provides regularly updated information about federally and privately supported clinical research in human volunteers. ClinicalTrials.gov gives you information about a trial s purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details, http //www.clinicaltrials.gov. 

The efforts of all who helped in the preparation, review, and finalization of the monograph are gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are due to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health for their financial support of the planning and review group meetings. 

Molitoris B.Transitioning to therapy in ischemic acute renal failure. J Am Soc. Nephrol. 2003 14 265-267 US Renal Data System, USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD, 2006. 

The research work presented in this chapter was supported by United States Public Health Service grant GM43263 and United States National Institute of Health grant 1U54RR023506-01. This is an update and revision of the book chapter originally written by Jose F. Bernardo, Ramzi Sabra, Subhash J. Vyas and Robert A. Branch. 

EDTA has been reported to cause an artifactural fall in lipoprotein concentration of between three to five percent because of osmotic effects (United States National Institutes of Health NIH). 

United States National Institute on Drug Abuse http //www.nida.nih.gov... 

Development in the United States, National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1976. 

I will ensure that Certificates of Confidentiality are requested from the [in the United States] National Institutes of Health to protect myself and my institution from being compelled to disclose confidential subject data, at the federal, state, or local level, to a court of law. 

A recent review of epidemiological studies covering 24 specific autoimmune diseases estimated that approximately 3% of the population in the United States suffers from an autoimmune disease (Jacobson et al., 1997). This estimate is likely to be low, as for many diseases our knowledge of basic epidemiology is quite limited or based on studies conducted 30 or more years ago, and some diseases (e.g. psoriasis) were not included in this summary. A revised estimate of the prevalence of autoimmune diseases presented in a recent report of the United States National Institutes of Health (2000) is 5-8%. Comparable figures for other countries are not available. 

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