Mortality cancer

Hoel DG, Davis DL, Miller AB, et al. 1992. Trends in cancer mortality in 15 industrialized countries, 1969-1986. JNatl Cancer Inst 84 313-320. 

An update of a previous study (Axelson et al. 1978), Axelson (1986) evaluated an expanded cohort of 1,424 men (levels of trichloroethylene exposure inferred from measured urinary metabolite concentrations) and found a significant increase in incidences of bladder cancer and lymphomas, and a lower than expected incidence of total cancer mortality. A further update of this work (Axelson et al. 1994) expanded the cohort to include 249 women, tracking cancer morbidity over 30 years, and found no correlation between exposure concentration or exposure time and cancer incidence at any site. The highest standardized incidence ratio noted in this study was 1.56 (95% Cl of 0.51-3.64) for 5 cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma observed in men. Although four of these cases occurred in persons exposed for at least 2 years, and 3 cases had a latency of 10 years or more, urinary levels of TCA showed that 4 of the 5 cases were exposed to the lowest levels of trichloroethylene (urinary levels of TCA 0-49 mg/L). The study authors mentioned that a urinary TCA level below 50 mg/L corresponds to a trichloroethylene exposure concentration of about 20 ppm. The study authors concluded that "this study provides no evidence that trichloroethylene is a human carcinogen, i.e., when the exposure is as low as for this study population."... 

Axelson O, Andersson K, Hogstedt C, et al. 1978. A cohort study of trichloroethylene exposure and cancer mortality. J Occup Med 20 194-196. 

A. Thielemans, P.J. Lewi and D.L. Massart, Similarities and differences among multivariate display techniques by Belgian Cancer Mortality Distribution data. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 3 (1988) 277-300. 

A number of epidemiologic studies support an association between high fat intake and the risk of prostate cancer. A strong correlation between national per capita fat consumption and national prostate cancer mortality has been reported, and prospective case-control studies suggest that a high-fat diet doubles the risk of prostate cancer. 

Kato H, Schull W. 1982. Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Report 7 Part 8, Cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-78. Radiat Res 90 395-432. 

Two decades ago in 1979 Heyden et al.78 in an Evans County, Georgia, prospective investigation examined heavy coffee consumption relative to overall cancer mortality. In a comparison of 74 patients who died of cancer with 74 patients matched on sex, age, and race who died of cardiovascular disease, and 74 healthy survivors, also matched on sex, age, and race, they failed to find an association between relatively heavy coffee consumption (>5 cups/day) and cancer. 

Stocks, P., Cancer mortality in relation to national consumption of cigarettes, said fuel, tea and coffee, Br J Cancer, 24, 215, 1970. 

Shimada, A., Etiological approach to the eating habits and the cancer mortality of Brazilian people, Gan No Rlnsho, 32, 631, 1986. 

CooperWC. 1976. Cancer mortality patterns in the lead industry. Ann NY Acad Sci 271 250-259. 

Kunz E., Sevc J. And Placek V., 1978, Lung Cancer Mortality in Uranium Miners, Health Phys., 35, 579-580. 

Whittmore A.S. and McMillan A., 1983, Lung Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Uranium Miners A Reappraisal, J.Nat.Cancer Inst. 71, 489-499. 

Enstrom, J. E. and F. H. Godley, Cancer mortality among a representative sample of nonsmokers in the United States during 1966-68, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 65 1175-1183 (1980). 

Whittemore, A. S. and A. McMillan, Lung cancer mortality among U. S. uranium miners A reappraisal, JNCI 71 489-499 (1983). 

M = total mortality rate from lung cancer Mr = lung cancer mortality rate due to radon Mn = lung cancer mortality rate due to non-radon causes including smoking and all other factors, known or unknown r = average radon level in a county Then, from the linear-no threshold theory,... 

From Assumption C and Eq. (l), the distribution of Mr is accurately known. From statistics on lung cancer mortality, the distribution of M is accurately known. Thus, the distribution of Mr can be calculated mathematically, and the problem is completely solved, allowing us to derive predictions that can be tested. In particular,... 

Kogevinas, M., H. Becher, T. Benn, PA. Bertazzi, P. Boffetta, H.B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, D. Coggon, D. Colin, D. Flesch-Janys, M. Fingerhut, L. Green, T. Kauppinen, M. Littorin, E. Lynge, J.D. Mathews, M. Neuberger, N. Pearce, and R. Saracci. 1997. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins. An expanded and updated international cohort study. Amer. Jour. Epidemiol. 145 1061-1075. 

Tsai, S.M., T.N. Wang, and Y.C. Ko. 1998. Cancer mortality trends in a blackfoot disease endemic community of Taiwan following water source replacement. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 55A 389-404. 

The Million Women Study reported that current use of hormone therapy increased breast cancer risk and breast cancer mortality. Increased incidence was observed for estrogen only, estrogen plus progestogen, and for tibolone. 

Chronic-Duration Exposure and Cancer. Mortality was not increased in workers occupationally exposed to phenol (Dosemeci et al. 1991). Effects reported in a case of chronic phenol poisoning, in which exposure was by both the inhalation and dermal routes, included muscle pains in the arms and legs, enlarged and tender liver with increased levels of liver enzymes in the serum, dark urine, and emaciation (Merliss 1972). 

Cancer mortality and mortality due to respiratory disease were studied in 161 male employees exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane in two 1,2-dibromoethane manufacturing plants located in Texas and Michigan (Ott et al. 1980). Because the Texas and Michigan plants ceased operations in 1969 and 1976, respectively, environmental assessments were based on existing records and discussions with workers formerly associated with the plants. No statistically significant increase in deaths was observed when data were examined in terms of duration of exposure or interval since first exposure. Although there was an increase in cancer mortality among employees with more than 6 years of... 

Cordier, S., et al.. Ecological analysis of digestive cancer mortality related to contamination by diarrheic shellfish poisoning toxins along the coasts of France, Em. Res., 84, 2, 145, 2000. 

Hopenhayn-Rich, C., Biggs, M.L. and Smith, A.H. (1998), Lung and kidney cancer mortality associated with arsenic in drinking water in Cordoba, Argentina, Int. J. Epidemiol., 27, 561-569. 

Conklin, G. (1949) Cancer and environment. Scientific American, 180 (1). Davis, D. L. etal. (1990) International trends in cancer mortality. The Lancet. 366, 474-481. 

Alavanja M, Goldstein I, Susser M. 1978. A case control study of gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancer mortality and drinking water chlorination. In Jolley RJ, Gorchen H, Hamilton DH Jr., eds. Water... 

Cantor KP, Hoover R, Mason TJ, et al. 1978. Associations of cancer mortality with halomethanes in drinking water. J Natl Cancer Inst 61 979-985. 

Young TB, Kanarek MS, Tsiatis AA. 1981. Epidemiologic study of drinking water chlorination and Wisconsin female cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 67 1191-1198. 

There are occupational mortality studies that have collected data appropriate for determining whether those engaged in the manufacture or application of heptachlor are at increased risk for dying of cancer. These studies have not shown an increased risk of cancer mortality (Infante et al. 1978 MacMahon et al. 1988). Occupational studies that collected cancer incidence data, rather than just mortality data, would be useful for further exploration of this issue. 

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