Feed into Milk system

The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Animal Science have been incorporated in the middle chapters and the Appendix tables. In addition new information, published in recent reviews of nutrient requirements by the National Research Council of the United States, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia has been included. 

From Thomas C 2004 Feed into Milk A New Applied Feeding System for Dairy Cows, Nottingham, Nottingham University Press. 

The UK Feed into Milk protein system for dairy cows... 

In the jet spray dryer, cold feed is introduced(42) into preheated primary air which is blown through a nozzle at velocities up to 400 m/s. Very fine droplets are obtained with residence times of around 0.01 s, and an air temperature of 620 K. This equipment has been used for evaporating milk without adverse effect on flavour and, although operating costs are likely to be high, the system is well suited to the handling of heat-sensitive materials. 

CB could be fractionated into 3 fractions on the continuous pilot-scale system without ethanol. Table 2 shows experimental conditions and yields of the fractions obtained. Trials were run at 24.1 MPa and 40 °C and the solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F) was 116-120. The S/F ratio was chosen based on our work with milk fat. The optimum S/F for fractionation of milk fat at the same temperature and pressure was 55-60 [4], Composition of CB is significantly different from that of milk fat. Twice the S/F ratio as that for milk fat was used. The solubility of CB in SC-C02 under the given extraction conditions was 0.58 wt%. As mentioned earlier, CB solubility is low in SC-C02 compared to other fats and oils, e.g. milk fat has an equilibrium solubility of 2.1 wt% at 24.1 MPa/40 °C. 

Slaking quicklime is not tm inherently dusty operation and the volume of gaseous effluent is small. It is good practice to keep slakers under slight suction to ensure that dust and steam do not escape into the plant, or into the lime feed system. One technique employs a water spray in a pipe, which acts as an ejector and keeps the hydrator under slight suction. The spray removes the dust, and the collected dilute milk of lime is used for slaking. 

The digestive system of animals allows the conversion of nutrients into simpler forms that can be absorbed and metabolized. These feed nutrients are converted into eggs, meats, milk, and even energy for work. 

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