Nanostructured materials characterization

Long JW, Swider KE, Merzbacher Cl, Rolison DR. Voltammetric characterization of ruthenium oxide-based aerogels and other Ru02 solids The nature of capacitance in nanostructured materials. Langmuir 1999 15(3) 780-5. 

Spectroelectrochemical analysis of charge-insertion nanostructured materials already offers important insight into these systems. These methods were recently exploited to characterize the electrochemical processes of nanostructured manganese oxide ambi-gel and xerogel films. " 6-229 Spectroelectrochemical measurements were used to corroborate electronic state changes with the observed electrochemical response for the insertion of small cations (Li+, Mg2+) and the unexpected insertion of a bulky organic cation (tetrabutylammonium). Vanadium pentoxide exhibits two distinct electrochromic features that can be assigned to the transition at either sto-... 

Demokritos" (NCSR) Institute of Materials Science works on preparation characterization of nanostructured materials, metallic and metal - oxide contacts, preparation of thin/thick films, and hydrogen storage. 

Development of carbon-based materials (nanostructures) materials preparation and optimization through chemical and physical characterization and molecular modelling. Partners ENEA, ELETTRONAVA, Universities. Budget 1.24 million. 

Preparation, characterization, and fabrication of nanostructured materials have elicited great interest in view of their possibility of innovation in science, industry, environment, and in our daily lives in the twenty-first century. The research field called nanoscience or nanotechnology has been expanded and widespread since the end of the last century, and the trend is expected to be wider and accelerated in this and in the next decade. Current interest in the nanostructured materials predominantly comes from their unique physicochemical properties on account of their finite small sizes giving peculiar effects such as... 

This volume has been arranged in five chapters aimed at discussing nanostructured materials and methods of their characterization (Chapter I), advanced express-methods for detection and analysis of biological species (Chapter II), methods of protection (Chapter III) and medical treatment (Chapter IV) of patients with incorporated contaminants, and specifically extracorporeal methods of decontamination of the human body (Chapter V). All papers in this book have been peer reviewed prior to publication. We believe that this volume will be of major interest to researchers and students working in the area of materials science and engineering, chemistry, biosensors, biomaterials, extracorporeal methods, and therapeutics. 

The contents of the current volume presents a sampling of more than 150 oral and poster papers delivered at the Symposium on Access in Nanoporous Materials II held in Banff, Alberta on May 25-28, 2000. The selected papers cover the three main themes of the symposium (i) synthesis of mesoporous silicas, framework-modified mesoporous silicas, and surface-modified mesoporous silicas, (ii) synthesis of other nanoporous and nanostructured materials, and (iii) characterization and applications of nanoporous materials. About 70% of the papers are devoted to the synthesis of siliceous mesoporous molecular sieves, their modification, characterization and applications, which represent the current research trend in nanoporous materials. The remaining contributions provide some indications on the future developments in the area of non-siliceous molecular sieves and related materials. Although the present book does not cover all topics in the area of nanoporous materials, it reflects the current trends and advances in this area, which will certainly attract the attention of materials chemists in the 21st Century. 

Van Kempen H., Janssens G., Gerritsen J., Deroover G., Callant P., Vandenbroucke D. and Dekeyzer R. In Proc. Int. Symp. Advanced Characterization Techniques for Nanostructurated Materials, pp. 26-29, UIA, Antwerp, Belgium, (1998). 

Busser, G. W., van Ommen, J. G., and Lercher, J. A., Preparation and characterization of polymer-stabilized rhodium particles, in Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials, Modern Synthetic Methods (W. R. Moser, Ed.), p. 213. Academic Press, San Diego (1996). 

Recent advances in theoretical methods and high-performance computing allow for reliable first principle calculations of complex nanostructures. Nanostructured materials are characterized by a fascinating diversity of geometries, but here we restrict ourselves mainly to first-principle calculations for nanoparticles and clusters, nanowires and nanocontacts. Nanoscale multilayers are also discussed very briefly, although multilayers are often considered as a subfield of thin-film physics rather than nanoscience. We also ignore nanotubes, because most of the work in this direction has been done on nonmagnetic carbon nanotubes. 

The synthesis, characterization and properties of nanomaterials have become very active areas of research in the last few years. In particular, nanostructured materials assembled by means of supramolecular organization offer many exciting possibilities. These include self-assembled monolayers and multilayers with different functionalities, intercalation in preassembled layered hosts and inorganic three-dimensional networks. The reader is referred to the special issue of Chemistry of Materials91 for an overview of present day interests. There are many recent reviews on the varied aspects of nanomaterials. The work of Alivisatos92 on the structural transitions, elec-... 

K. C. Kwiatkowski and C. M. Lukehart, Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-gel Methods Synthesis and Characterization, in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and... 

Nanostructure determination is a challenge in materials characterization. Many inorganic nanostructures lack the uniformity and synunetry of a single crystal or the monodispersity of some organic molecules. Their structure determination thus requires a high-resolution probe that can examine individual nanostructures. Electron diffiaction has the resolution required the nanoprobes used in CBED and NED are especially suited for smdying nanomaterials. For structures like single-wall CNT, the structure can be determined directly from electron diffraction patterns. 

However, a better structure designing requests a finer characterization of nanopores. We need to know structural features of nanopores as accurate as possible in order to develop the best nanostructured materials for the specific function. Nevertheless, nanopores are hidden in the bulk of solids. Consequently, established surface science tools cannot be directly applied to the nanopore characterization, leading to necessity of an inherent characterization method for nanopores on the basis of gas adsorption. This paper summarizes main characterization methods, which can be applied to nanopore systems, and essential roles of gas adsorption will be described. 

Following the introduction of MCM-41 type materials [1], the synthesis of surfactant templated nanostructured materials has attracted the attention of the scientific community because it provides the possibility of tailoring pore size, geometry and surface chemistry through control of the synthesis conditions. Potential applications of these materials range from separations and catalysis [2] to the production of biomimetic materials [3] and devices for optical and electronic applications [4]. Several synthesis protocols have been developed in the last ten years and are the focus of many recent reviews [5]. Despite the enormous experimental effort to develop methods to control the structure and composition of templated nanoporous materials, modeling the different processes has remained elusive, mainly due to the overlapping kinetic and thermodynamic effects. The characterization of... 

Today nanotechnology includes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a variety of nanostructured materials. Different carbon nanostrucmres exist simultaneously at the nanoscale, including carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, nanodiamond (ND), and diamondoids, all showing unique and novel properties [1]. 

Characterization of Nanophase Materials, ed. Z.-L. Wang, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 2000 R135 L.-Q. Wang, G. J. Exarhos and J. Liu, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Characterization of Self-Assembled Nanostructural Materials , p.243... 

According to Kavan (1997), electrochemical carbons are synthetic solids consisting mainly of atoms of elemental carbon, which can be prepared electrochemically from suitable precursors. Electrochemical carbonization is characterized by three specific features (Kavan et al., 2004) (1) ability to obtain relatively unstable carbon chains (2) easy templating of carbon nanostructured materials by the precursors and (3) defined kinetics of certain reactions, allowing for the control of film thickness. 

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