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Nanoscale material

Table 1. Types of Bonds and Interactions that are Potentially Useful in the Engineering of Functional Nanoscale Materials... Table 1. Types of Bonds and Interactions that are Potentially Useful in the Engineering of Functional Nanoscale Materials...
Nanomaterials can be manufactured by one of two groups of methods, one physical and one chemical. In top-down approaches, nanoscale materials are carved into shape by the use of physical nanotechnology methods such as lithography (Fig. 15.30). In bottom-up approaches, molecules are encouraged to assemble themselves into desired patterns chemically by making use of specific... [Pg.768]

In addition to the environmentally benign attributes and the easily tunable solvent properties, other important characteristics such as low interfacial tension, excellent wetting behavior, and high diffusion coefficients also make SCCO2 a superior medium for the synthesis of nanoscale materials [2]. Previous works on w/c RMs showed that conventional hydrocarbon surfactants such as AOT do not form RMs in scCOi [3] AOT is completely insoluble in CO2 due to the poor miscibility of the alkyl chains with CO2, restricting the utilization of this medium. Recently, we had demonstrated that the commonly used surfactant,... [Pg.729]

G. A. Mansoori, T. F. George, G. Zhang, and L. Assoufid (eds.), Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology From Diamondoids to Nanoscale Materials and Applications (Topics in Applied Physics Series), Springer-Verlag,New York, 2006. [Pg.255]

Klabunde KJ (2001) (ed) Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry. Wiley, New York... [Pg.110]

N. Toshima, in L. M. Liz-Marzan, P. V. Kamat (eds.). Nanoscale Materials, Chapter 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2003. [Pg.48]

Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA and the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433-5543, USA Chemistry Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne,... [Pg.233]

Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA... [Pg.57]

The Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design is supported by the Lundbeck Foundation. The Center for Nanoscale Materials/Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. [Pg.87]

Nanotechnology has provided significant new tools and applications in photocatalysis. Despite photocatalysis being a well-established concept, the reduced dimensions of nanoscale materials conferred different and often improved performances to photocatalysts. This also allowed the systematic study of the properties that have a large influence on catalytic activity. Therefore, the tools offered by nanotechnology can be readily employed in photocatalysis to improve the results in terms of efficiency and productivity. [Pg.89]

Walker, N.J. and Bucher, J.R. (2009) A 21st century paradigm for evaluating the health hazards of nanoscale materials Toxicological Sciences,... [Pg.209]

The use of nanoscale materials in the dean-up of hazardous waste sites is termed nanoremediation. Remediation of soil contaminated with pentachloro phenol using NZVI was studied [198]. In a separate study, soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was treated using iron nanopartides [194], NZVI and iron oxide have been suggested to be used as a colloidal reactive barrier for in situ groundwater remediation due to its strong and spedfic interactions with Pb and As compounds [199]. [Pg.233]

Understand and utilize the properties of nanoscale materials and materials that are not homogeneous. [Pg.123]

The use of carrier films is thus an effective way to enable the transfer printing of assemblages of nanoscale materials elements. In addition to SWNTs, this carrier film approach may aid in the transfer of arrays of small inorganic nanoparticles or perhaps even small molecules that for whatever reason must be synthesized or processed on the surface of a substrate that is not suitable for the end-use application. [Pg.424]

Nanoscale lithographic resolution, approaches to, 15 186-189 Nanoscale materials preparing, 24 61 properties od, 17 45 Nanoscale modules, production of, 26 786-787... [Pg.610]

Oxidative catalysis over metal oxides yields mainly HC1 and C02. Catalysts such as V203 and Cr203 have been used with some success.49 50 In recent years, nanoscale MgO and CaO prepared by a modified aerogel/hypercritical drying procedure (abbreviated as AP-CaO) and AP-MgO, were found to be superior to conventionally prepared (henceforth denoted as CP) CP-CaO, CP-MgO, and commercial CaO/MgO catalysts for the dehydrochlorination of several toxic chlorinated substances.51 52 The interaction of 1-chlorobutane with nanocrystalline MgO at 200 to 350°C results in both stoichiometric and catalytic dehydrochlorination of 1-chlorobutane to isomers of butene and simultaneous topochemical conversion of MgO to MgCl2.53-55 The crystallite sizes in these nanoscale materials are of the order of nanometers ( 4 nm). These oxides are efficient due to the presence of high concentration of low coordinated sites, structural defects on their surface, and high-specific-surface area. [Pg.53]

Advanced characterization of the structure, properties and function of the self-assembled precursor can be extrapolated from studies on the more robust crosslinked material, especially in changing or challenging environments, in which the assemblies would not remain intact. The introduction of crosslinks has aided in the maintenance of native conformations as a powerful technique during studies to determine the order and structure of biological assemblies [61, 62], Moreover, the robust characteristics that the crosslinks provide, combined with the ability to define their regioselectivity, are expected to expand the realm of possible applications for nanoscale materials. [Pg.167]

Since the large-scale application of immobilized enzymes in the 1960s, substantial research efforts have aimed to optimize the structure of carrier materials for better catalytic efficiency. To date, nanoscale materials may provide the upper limits in... [Pg.207]

Goho A (2004). Tiny trouble nanoscale materials damage fish brains. Science News Online 165 211. [Pg.216]

Nanoscale materials have been categorized in different ways by many popular official sources. For instance, the National Academies categorized nanoscale materials... [Pg.288]

EMRS 2003, Symposium C, Nanoscale materials for Energy Storage 2004,108, (1 -2), 51-53. [Pg.104]

Resasco, D.E., Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures. In Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Klabunde K. J. Richards R. M. (eds.), John Wiley. Sons, Inc., Hoboken,... [Pg.451]

The lattice parameters were found to scale linearly with the relative Au/Pt content. In other words, they follow a Vegard s type law that is frequently observed with binary metallic alloys. This is an important finding because it shows that the correlation between the phase property and the bimetallic composition for nanoscale materials is different from their bulk counterparts. Bulk Au-Pt metals show a miscibility gap and the linear correlation between the lattice parameter and the composition breaks in a very wide composition range extending from 10 to 80% Au. Within the miscibility gap, the lattice parameters corresponding to bulk crystalline Au-Pt samples are independent of the composition. [Pg.296]

The lure of new physical phenomena and new patterns of chemical reactivity has driven a tremendous surge in the study of nanoscale materials. This activity spans many areas of chemistry. In the specific field of electrochemistry, much of the activity has focused on several areas (a) electrocatalysis with nanoparticles (NPs) of metals supported on various substrates, for example, fuel-cell catalysts comprising Pt or Ag NPs supported on carbon [1,2], (b) the fundamental electrochemical behavior of NPs of noble metals, for example, quantized double-layer charging of thiol-capped Au NPs [3-5], (c) the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of semiconductor NPs [4, 6-8], and (d) biosensor applications of nanoparticles [9, 10]. These topics have received much attention, and relatively recent reviews of these areas are cited. Considerably less has been reported on the fundamental electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs that do not fall within these categories. In particular, work is only beginning in the area of the electrochemistry of discrete, electroactive NPs. That is the topic of this review, which discusses the synthesis, interfacial immobilization and electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. The review is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the area, but rather to give a flavor of the types of systems that have been examined and the types of phenomena that can influence the electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. [Pg.169]

This review focuses on nanoparticles, namely objects that are roughly spherical. We use the commonly accepted definition for nanoscale objects of having a dimension below 100 nm, and so identify nanoparticles as objects with a diameter of 100 nm or smaller. The review does not focus on larger aspect ratio nanoscale materials such as nanotubes and nanorods, though they are mentioned in some cases. [Pg.170]

Ohsaka s group has extensively examined the electrochemical behavior of both chemically and electrochemically deposited Mn02, both as discrete NPs and as nanostructured interfacial materials [61,64—81]. We focus here on two of their studies that exemplify the electrocatalytic nature of these nanoscale materials. In the first effort, El-Deab and Ohsaka explored the electrocatalytic behavior of MnOOH nanorods that had been electrodeposited onto Pt electrodes by oxidation of Mn(II) in an aqueous solution of manganese acetate [76]. The nanorods had average diameters of 20 nm and aspect ratios of 45 (i.e. average lengths of 900 nm) and covered nearly... [Pg.182]


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