Nanoscale materials, research

These examples indicate that an arsenal of simulation approaches is needed for nanoscale materials research including electrodynamics, empirical potential MD, direct dynamics, and CPMD. Fortunately, many of the necessary tools are available, or can be developed by straightforward modifications of existing software. 

Dovidenko, K. Potyrailo, R. A. Grande, J., Focused ion beam microscope as an analytical tool for nanoscale characterization of gradient formulated polymeric sensor materials, In Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Fasolka, M. Wang, Q. Potyrailo, R. A. Chikyow, T. Schubert, U. 

Since the large-scale application of immobilized enzymes in the 1960s, substantial research efforts have aimed to optimize the structure of carrier materials for better catalytic efficiency. To date, nanoscale materials may provide the upper limits in... 

We have reviewed the state of the art of the synthesis and applications of metal/ alloy nanowires and nanoparticles by surface-mediated fabrication using different mesoporous silica templates. New nanoscale materials are appearing one after another by the use of many kinds of mesoporous materials as templates, and we are facing a rapid advance of this research field. So far, many studies have focused... 

Much of the excitement over nanotechnology lies in the new science that is being discovered and the new tools that allow us to manipulate matter at the nanoscale, including individual atoms. A website has been established through a National Science Foundation-supported Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to help move these ideas into educational and outreach venues (2). A video laboratory manual is available on the website that provides step-by-step instructions in the form of videoclips. 

A more recent trend in polymer materials research is the hybridization of cellulosic polysaccharides with inorganic compounds natural and synthetic layered clays, silica, zeolites, metal oxides, and apatites are employable as nanoscale components. In addition, if mesoscopic assemblies such as liquid-crystalline ordering are used in the construction of new compositional systems, the variety of functionalized cellulosic materials will be further expanded. 

Most of the efforts of researchers, working in the field of semiconductor colloids, are directed to the chemical modification of the system to make photoproduction reactions more efficient. EPR spectroscopy will certainly contribute to the development of new nanoscale materials which can effectively undergo charge separation for wide application in photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. 

The authors thank the US Air Force European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, the Marie Curie Training Site for the Controlled Fabrication of Nanoscale Materials, and the Minerva Center for Microscale and Nanoscale Particles and Films as Tailored Biomaterial Interfaces for support of this work. 

Wasielewski s research interests comprise photoinduced electron transfer and charge transport in organic molecules and materials, artificial and natural photosynthesis, self-assembly of nanoscale materials, spin dynamics of multispin organic molecules, materials for molecule-based optoelectronics and spintronics, and time-resolved optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. His research has resulted in over 300 publications. Dr. Wasielewski was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1995, and has held numerous distinguished lectureships and fellowships. Among Wasielewski s recent awards are the 2004 Photochemistry Research Award of the Inter-American Photochemical Society and the 2006 James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. 

What will arise from the widescale introduction of nanoscale materials into our world Are we on the verge of upsetting the natural balance in ways that cannot be overturned These are serious questions that may only be answered through far-reaching research endeavors, many of which are currently being investigated. In particular, we must first determine the toxicological/environmental consequences of nanoscale materials with comparisons to known contaminants such as colloids, aerosols/smoke particulates, and asbestos. Some important questions that must be addressed... 

NSTC (2007). Prioritization of environmental, health, and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials. Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group, National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), http //www.nano.gov/Prioritization EHS Research Needs Engineered Nanoscale Materials.pdf, 1-8. 

Ionizing radiation has been found to be widely applicable in modifying the structure and properties of polymers, and can be used to tailor the performance of either bulk materials or surfaces. Currently, there is a large interest in nanoscale materials since they have both fundamental interest and potential applications in areas such as biomedical sciences, electronics, optics, material sciences. New researches involve, as might be expected, the use of the radiation in the field of nanotechnologies. 

We acknowledge support of the Northwestern Material Research Center (EH and GCS), the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-0118025 (SZ and GCS) and AFOSR MURI Grant F49620-01-1-0381 (LZ and GCS). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or... 

Ignatius, M.J. Sawhney, N. Gupta, A. Thibadeau, B.M. Monteiro, O.R. Brown, I.G. Bioactive surface coatings for nanoscale instruments Effects on CNS neurons. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research May 1998, 40 (2) 264-274. 

In the field of nanoscale materials, SIESTA has probably made its largest impact in the study of carbon nanotubes. This is a field which has captivated the attention of researchers for their unusual electronic and mechanical properties. Simulation and theory have played a major role, often providing predictions that have guided the way for experimental studies. Work done with SIESTA has spanned many aspects of nanotube science vibrational properties [239-241], electronic states [242-246] (including the effect of lattice distortions on the electronic states [247-250]), elastic and plastic properties [251-254], and interaction with other atomic and molecular species [255-259]. Boron nitride nanotubes have also received some attention [260, 261]. 

---