Interfacial material

Film Adhesion. The adhesion of an inorganic thin film to a surface depends on the deformation and fracture modes associated with the failure (4). The strength of the adhesion depends on the mechanical properties of the substrate surface, fracture toughness of the interfacial material, and the appHed stress. Adhesion failure can occur owiag to mechanical stressing, corrosion, or diffusion of interfacial species away from the interface. The failure can be exacerbated by residual stresses in the film, a low fracture toughness of the interfacial material, or the chemical and thermal environment or species in the substrate, such as gases, that can diffuse to the interface. 

Highly branched polymers play an increasingly important role in interface and surface sciences, since their distinctive chemical and physical properties can be used advantageously as functional surfaces and as interfacial materials. Due to their highly compact and globular shape, as well as their monodispersity, for... 

P. Bonfante, B. Vian, S. Perotto, A. Faccio, and J. P. Knox, Cellulose and pectin localization in roots of mycorrhizal Allium porrum labelling continuity between host cell wall and interfacial material. Planta 180 557 (1990). 

Hole Injection Materials and Cathode Interfacial Materials. 303... 

HOLE INJECTION MATERIALS AND CATHODE INTERFACIAL MATERIALS 3.3.1 Hole Injection Materials... 

Due to the relatively high mobility of holes compared with the mobility of electrons in organic materials, holes are often the major charge carriers in OLED devices. To better balance holes and electrons, one approach is to use low WF metals, such as Ca or Ba, protected by a stable metal, such as Al or Ag, overcoated to increase the electron injection efficiency. The problem with such an approach is that the long-term stability of the device is poor due to its tendency to create detrimental quenching sites at areas near the EML-cathode interface. Another approach is to lower the electron injection barrier by introducing a cathode interfacial material (CIM) layer between the cathode material and the organic layer. The optimized thickness of the CIM layer is usually about 0.3-1.0 nm. The function of the CIM is to lower... 

Ohsaka s group has extensively examined the electrochemical behavior of both chemically and electrochemically deposited Mn02, both as discrete NPs and as nanostructured interfacial materials [61,64—81]. We focus here on two of their studies that exemplify the electrocatalytic nature of these nanoscale materials. In the first effort, El-Deab and Ohsaka explored the electrocatalytic behavior of MnOOH nanorods that had been electrodeposited onto Pt electrodes by oxidation of Mn(II) in an aqueous solution of manganese acetate [76]. The nanorods had average diameters of 20 nm and aspect ratios of 45 (i.e. average lengths of 900 nm) and covered nearly... 

Testing of the composites themselves, or portions of them, are only one part of elevated temperature testing. Other areas requiring attention include failure analysis, damage accumulation, nondestructive evaluation, micro-structural evaluation, and information needed to validate predictive models. Chapter 4 refers to modeling efforts which require the collection of data on the constituents of the composites, i.e., the starting fibers, the matrices, and the fiber-matrix interfacial materials, to make predictions for properties of real composites. To use the models described previously, one must also know about the properties of the individual components. These issues are addressed in this section. 

Work has also been pnblished on other interfacial materials and structures that include (i) Q -Cr203(001)/o -Fe2... 

Performing macro-scale experiments it has been observed that the normal surface tension force induces higher normal stresses in the fluid on the concave side of the interface than on the other fluid on the convex side of the interface. In a micro-scale view we may say that this interfacial tension force is exerted by the interfacial material lying on the convex side of the surface upon the material lying on the concave side. The normal component of the surface force is thus frequently (not always ) defined positive into the mean curvature of the surface, in line with the physical observations. The direction of the normal component of the interface force given by (3.9) is determined by two factors, the interface normal unit vector n/ which we have defined positive into the curvature, and the mean curvature variable which we have chosen to define as an absolute value. That is, the variable used here determining the mean curvature of the surface Hi = ( i + K2)/ 2) is consistent with the definition... 

In all of the sections of this chapter so far, we have considered problems that exhibit instabilities for single-component, isothermal fluids. However, in many applications, the fluids may be multicomponent materials and may also be nonisothermal. This generally means that both the bulk and interfacial material properties will be nonuniform. Although we might be tempted to immediately go back and try to extend the results of the preceding sections to account for this fact, the derivation of such extended results would be quite... 

The utility of conducting polymers as an electrochemical sensor interfacial material is being enhanced by nanotechnology through the fabrication of nanodimensional polymeric... 

Secondary chain motion C/A Localised motion of interfacial material cilia, folds, tie molecules, chains of low molar mass 40-60 Characteristic of linear polymers some or all chains may be involved... 

Chueh, C.-C., Li, C.-Z., Jen, A.K.-Y., 2015. Recent progress and perspective in solution-processed Interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer and organometal perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 

Figure 23 Photomicrograph of a moving front of solvent plus a fast-acting demulsifier dissolving/disrupting the interfacial material on contact, causing instant demulsification. Measurements were in real time.

The simulation box consisted of an immobile crystal phase and a mobile inter-lamellar phase - the combination of both interfacial material (covered by bars... 

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