Transfer-printing

Thermal reforming Thermal sensitization Thermal stability Thermal transfer Thermal-transfer printing Thermal treatment Thermal wave imaging Thermate Thermate-TH2 Thermate-TH3 Therm-Chek... 

Adhesive Transfer Processes. Many polymers, whether dehberately or accidentally, are adhesives, so that much of the adhesive industry can be regarded as a part of the mbber and plastics industry. However, there are several important material-transfer appHcations involving polymer products that are so critically dependent on controlled adhesion that they merit specific mention in that category. They include hot stamping foils, release coatings for pressure-sensitive adhesive products, photocopier materials, transfer coatings, and transfer printing of textiles. 

Melamines have found utiUty as rotproofing and weatherproofing ceUulosics (57,58), as binders for pigments and for transfer printing of cotton and cotton blends (59), as well as in numerous other appHcations. Guanamines have been suggested for many of the same appHcations as melamines, but the similar chemical stmctures of the two are likely to add to the same problems encountered with melamines. 

Other techniques, such as resist printing, cold batch printing, and transfer printing, have previously been appHed to wool with some success, but these occupy only a small share of the current wool printing market (104). 

Quinophthalones provide important dyes for the coloration of plastics (eg, Cl Solvent Yellow 33 (71), R = H [5662-03-3]) and for the coloration of polyester. For example. Cl Disperse Yellow 54 (71) R = OH, is the lea ding yellow dye for the transfer printing of polyester. 

The need to obtain color hard copies from electronic systems such as TV and video sets, or from personal computers, has been increasing. Several methods have been proposed to obtain hard copies of full color images. Among them, sublimation thermal-transfer printing has the following characteristics the quaHty of the printed color picture is extremely high, and the equipment is compact, quiet, and easy to manipulate as well as to maintain. 

Table 8. Examples of Magenta Dyes for Sublimation Thermal-Transfer Printing...

Transfer printing employs the intermediate step of printing dye dispersions or dye solutions onto a temporary substrate, usually paper. From the paper, the dye is transferred to the textile by heat and steam, while printed paper and textile are in close contact. The advantages and limitations of the process have been described (33). 

Proposed in the 1920s to confer easy-care properties. In 1976 process patents introduced for making cotton acceptable to disperse dyes in transfer printing. 

In general and as expected, brighteners of relatively small molecular size are most suitable for application by exhaustion. Less volatile compounds of larger molecular size tend to be preferred for pad-thermosol application or for incorporation in the polymer mass. Commercially important for exhaust application are the previously mentioned pyrene derivative 11.22, the naphthalimide 11.23, the bis(benzoxazolyl)ethene 11.35, the bis (benzoxazolyl) thiophene 11.36, the distyrylbenzene 11.37 and the stilbene bis (acrylic ester) derivative 11.38. Products of the 11.35 type show excellent light fastness but only moderate fastness to sublimation. In view of this volatility they can be used in the transfer printing of polyester. 

Brightener structures of only moderate molecular size are of interest for white grounds in the transfer printing of polyester fabrics. Derivatives of 6-acetamidoquinoxaline with an electron-donating substituent (X) in the 2-position (11.48) were prepared by converting quinoxalin-2-one to 2-chloro-6-nitroquinoxaline and condensation with amines (X = RNH), alcohols (X = RO) or phenols (X = PhO), followed by reduction and acetylation (Scheme 11.19). The nitro intermediates (11.49) are also of interest as low-energy disperse dyes for polyester [61]. 

Guerin D, Merckling C, Lenfant S, Wallart X, Pleutin S, Vuillaume D (2007) Silicon-mo-lecules-metal junctions by transfer printing chemical synthesis and electrical properties. J Phys Chem C 111 7947-7956... 

Transfer Printing Techniques and Inorganic Single-Crystalline Materials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics... 

Figure 13.2. Inorganic micro/nanoscale elements derived from wafers can be used to form solution suspensions for delivery to another substrate (e.g., plastic sheet) by casting processes (left frame), or they can be dry transfer printed in a way that preserves their lithographically defined spatial organizations (right frame).

Several notable interfacial chemistry schemes can strengthen the adhesion between the bodies involved in transfer printing. Figure 13.3 illustrates one such reaction in which silanol groups on the surfaces of adjoined bodies... 

In the absence of these or other specific surface interactions between the bodies involved in transfer printing, nonspecific surface interactions can guide the transfer. Although they are relatively weak, short-ranged interactions,... 

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