Nanoscale materials, recent applications stability

In recent years, liposomes and supported membranes composed of fluid lipids have seen increased use as biolabeling and targeting agents, coatings for sensor transducers and biocompatible materials, nanoscale bioreactors, and separations media. Due to their enhanced stability, functionalized poly(lipid) materials have also been created and characterized for these applications. 

Recently a number of research investigations have been carried out on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale PPy materials for various applications because of their interesting properties such as high environmental stability, ion exchange capacity, electronic conductivity, and biocompatibility of PPy [96-104]. 

However, widespread application of PLA is limited because of high cost compared to commodity thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), brittleness, and low thermal stability [8-11]. One approach to increase the usability of PLA is to add fibrous reinforcements in order to produce materials at a comparable or lower cost, while maintaining or improving the material properties. The reinforcement of polymers with filler is also common in composite production. Recently, interest has grown in the use of nanoscale fillers because of their distinctive advantages, such as dramatic improvement in mechanical properties with low filler content, to produce new value-added products. 

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