Chrome complexes

Chrome complexes of stearic and myristic acids provide water and aqueous stain resistance, dimensional stabUity, and lubricity. The products may also enhance the appearance and durabUity of leather. The chrome complex reacts with the leather molecules to form a permanent bond. 

Chrome-complexed fluorochemicals, as weU as fluoropolymers, are widely used products. The compositions are proprietary. Fluorochemicals provide a high degree of water repeUency as weU as repeUency to aqueous stains, oUs, grease, and oilhorne stains. TraditionaUy, treatments are appUed duting a dmm process ia which about 30 min are required for flUl penetration of the leather to occur. Products are also avaUable for appUcation with sprayiag equipment and roU coaters. 

Polyester laminate strength data obtained by the Bjorksten group using their BJY treatment are shown in Fig. 1. Fiberglass treatments with DuPont s hydro-phobic chrome complex (Volan 114) and no treatment (112) are also shown for comparison. 

In 1960 there were three commercial coupling agents a methacrylate-chrome complex (Volan ), vinyltriethoxysilane, and aminopropyltriethoxysilane. There was little evidence that Volan or vinyl silanes on glass actually copolymetized with unsaturated resins in composites. It was even more difficult to explain how Volan was almost as good as aminopropylsilanes in epoxy composites. There... 

Selected acid 1 1 chrome complex dyes, because of their good wet- and lightfastness and their very good leveling power, and also 1 2 chrome complex and 1 2 cobalt complex dyes with hydrophilic groups, have successfully come into use as silk dyes. 

Chrome complexes have been developed as adhesion promoters by the reaction of chromium chloride with methacrylic acid. The chromium oxide portion of the adhesion promoter reacts with a substrate while the methacrylic portion reacts with a free radical curing outer layer. Chrome-based adhesion promoters are commonly used as a primer for aluminum foil to increase the strength and durability of aluminum/polyethylene interfaces.26... 

Commonly used repeUents for leather are sUicones, chrome complexes of long chain fatty acids, and fluorochemicals. Fluorochemical repeUents also provide repeUency to oUs and greases so that the treated leather resists staining. A water repeUent may also be a hydrophobic chemical insolubUized in the leather. A simple water-repeUent treatment consists of forming an aluminum soap in leather by the two-step process of applying a soap, and then an aluminum salt. 

Arikrome S. [CNC Int l.] Liq. chrome complex water ie[)ellent for pspet industry. 

Schramm and Mannhardt (60) conducted some oleophilic microvisual cell experiments with several foams and crude oils in the apparatus shown in Figure 1. In this case, the glass microvisual cell surfaces were treated by bonding a fatty acid—trivalent chromium (Quilon C) chrome complex that contains fatty acid chains that orient away from the glass and make it oleophilic. They found that the foams were significantly less stable in the presence of crude oil and oleophilic solid surfaces compared with the same crude oils and hydrophilic surfaces. 

The same conclusions have been reached on the basis of core-flood experiments. Suffridge et al. (35) studied foam effectiveness in Berea sandstone cores, both untreated (water-wetted) and treated with the Quilon C chrome complex described previously. The treated cores became intermediate to oil-wetted at waterflood residual oil saturation. They found that the foams were more effective (stable) in the water-wet cores than in the oil-wet cores. Holt and Kristiansen (27, 56) studied foams flowing in cores under North Sea reservoir conditions that were either partially or completely oil-wetted. They found that foam effectiveness was favored by water-wet conditions any degree of oil-wet character reduced the effectiveness of the flowing foam. 

Similarly, Manning 08 reports deactivation of a chromia alumina catalyst during oxidation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. He observed chromium loss from the catalyst after deactivation. MichalowiczlOS measured a loss of chromium, thought due to the formation of a volatile chlorine-chrome complex. 

Chem. Descrip. Chrome complex sol n. in IPA Uses Water repellent, release agent used on paper/paperboard for water-repellent pkg. materials, food pkg., grease-resistant and release paper when used with PVA, water-repellent coatings and adhesives, water- and stain-resistant leather (shoes, golf bags, etc.), colorfast, water-repellent suede (dry-cleanable) insolubilizer for adhesives, films, protein binders, and inks... 

The use of antimicrobial finishes prevents the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi on the fibre/filter surface. These treatments include the application of halogens, alcohols, and metals, for example silver nitrate, to the filtration materials. Water-repellent finishes are also employed to form a barrier, which lowers the critical tension of the fibre surface. The repellency can be achieved by using chemical finishes, including chrome complexes, silicones, and fluorochemicals. 

Chrome complex of stearic acid. See Stearatochromium chloride complex Chrome green... 

Synonyms Chrome complex of stearic acid Chromic chloride stearate Octadecanoato chromic chloride hydroxide (1 2 4 1) Stearato chromic chloride Stearato-chromic chloride complex... 

Since the expression is second order in chromium, a binuclear chrome complex was postulated. Furthermore, the reaction would be expected to be second order in polymer. The higher order which was observed was explained in terms of a fraction of intramolecular cross-links which did not contribute to the storage modulus. This fraction Increases with polymer dilution. Thus, equations (iii) becomes... 

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