Triglycerides myristic acid

The traditional major source for the nonionic surfactant industry is fatty acid triglycerides from both animal and vegetable sources as the saturated or unsaturated acids. The saturated acids include lauric acid (w-dodecanoic), myristic acid (n-tetradecanoic), palmitic acid ( -hexadecanoic),and stearic acid (n-octadecanoic). The unsaturated acids include oleic acid (Z-9-octadecenoic) and linoleic acid (Z,Z-9,12-octadecadienoic). Of the 200 non-ionic surfactants... 

Miller et al. (1991) demonstrated the effect of increased hydrolysis once an optimal amount of water has been added when they studied the inter-esterification of the triglycerides trilaurin and myristic acid. The observed rate of inter-esterification decreased to approximately one-third of its original rate when the water content was reduced from 1.75 (grams water per kilogram carbon dioxide) to zero. They also showed that the amount of hydrolysis increased about 10% as the water content increased. Knez et al. (1998) also found that the addition of small amounts of water increased the conversion rate when they studied the esterification of oleic acid with oleyl alcohol. 

Figure 8.4. Changes in triglyceride composition of top olein (OOO) with a dropping point of 7°C compared to the original anhydrous milk fat. M = myristic acid P = palmitic acid S = stearic acid (Gibon and Tirtiaux, personal communication).

Coconut oil is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat. The oil contains predominantly medium chain triglycerides, with roughly 92% saturated fatty acids, 6% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 2% polyunsaturated fatty acids." It is particularly rich in lauric add (47%), myristic acid (8%), and caprylic acid (8%), although it contains seven different saturated fatty acids in total. The oil finds extensive use in the food industry and also, usually after conversion to the alcohol (dodecanol), in the detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The only other commercially available lauric oil is palm kernel oil but there also exists lauiate-canola and cuphea species." ... 

What functional group is common to all saponifiable lipids 8.4 Classify the following as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipids 8.14 Ehaw the structure of a triglyceride that contains one myristic acid, one palmitoleic acid, and one Unoleic acid. Identify the ester bonds. 

Definition Mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides of isostearic and myristic acids Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Exceparl DG-MI [Kao Corp. SA http //www.kao.es]... 

Octadecanoic acid, mixed triesters with octanoic acid, decanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and 1,2,3-propanetriol. See Caprylic/capric/myristic/stearic triglyceride Octadecanoic acid, monoester with decaglycerol. See Polyglyceryl-10 stearate Octadecanoic acid, monoester with diglycerol. See Polyglyceryl-2 stearate Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 3-(hexadecyloxy)-l,2-propanediol. SeeChimyl stearate... 

Some results for the effects of addition of different lipid compounds on loaf volume of a base flour are shown in Figure 7.10 (Sroan 2007). The natural lipid from flour has been separated into two fractions polar and nonpolar. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the fractions is shown in Figure 7.11. Polar lipids comprise mainly galactolipids and phospholipids. Their addition enhances loaf volume. In contrast, the nonpolar fraction, which comprises mono-, di-, and triglycerides and free fatty acids as the main components, causes depression of the loaf volume. The unsaturated linoleic acid, which is the major fatty acid in wheat, also depresses loaf volume, whereas the saturated palmitic acid has no effect. Another saturated fatty acid, myristic acid, affected loaf volume negatively. 

Rattanaphra, D., A. P. Harvey, A. Thanapimmetha P. Srinophakun (2011) Kinetic of myristic acid esterification with methanol in the presence of triglycerides over sulfated zirconia. Renewable Energy, 36,2679-2686,lSSN 09601481. 

The principal non-volatile constituents of the cornicle droplets of A. pisum and Myzus persicae were reported by Strong (1967) to be triglycerides. In M persicae, the major fatty acid is myristic acid. Callow et al. (1973) later examined the cornicle droplets of 28 aphid species and confirmed triglycerides... 

Draw the structure of the triglyceride that would form from the reaction of myristic acid with glycerol. Would you expect this triglyceride to be a fat or an oil ... 

Draw an optically active triglyceride that contains one palmitic acid residue and two myristic acid residues. Will this compound react with molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst ... 

In the triglyceride, the carbon chains represented by RS R and R may be identical but usually they are not. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are found in the triglycerides. The saturated acids [CH3(CH2)n COOH] all contain an even number of carbon atoms, n usually being between 4 and 24. Palmitic acid (n = 14) is the most common saturated fatty acid of seed oils some others are caproic (n = 4), caprylic (n = 6) capric (n = 8) lauric (n=10) and myristic acid (n=12) all of which occur in the Palmae, and arachidic (n= 18), behenic (n = 20) and lignoceric acid (n = 22), present in some leguminous seeds. The predominant fatty acids are, however, the unsaturated ones and two of these —oleic and linoleic—are estimated to account for over 60% by weight of all the oils in oil-seed crops. With only a few exceptions, the unsaturated... 

Nutmeg contains 2-16% (usually ca. 10%) volatile oil 25-40% fixed oils consisting of free myristic acid and triglycerides of lauric, tridecanoic, palmitic, stearic, and myristic acids as well as branched isomers of myristic... 

Methyl oleate Methyl palmitate Methyl rlclnoleate Metolat 285 MIPA-dodecyl-benzenesulfonate Monawet MO-70 Monawet MO-85P Montan wax Morpholine Multiwet MO-70E Multiwet MO-70R Multiwet MO-70S Multiwet MO-75E Mustard seed oil triglycerides Myrlstamlde DEA Myristic acid Naphtha, hydrotreated heavy Nonoxynol-2 Nonoxynol-4 Nonoxynol-S Nonoxynol-6 Nonoxynol-7 Nonoxynol-8 Nonox-ynol-13 Nonoxynol-14 Nonoxynol-15 Norfox MOL Norpai 12 Fluid Norpai 13 Fluid Norpai 15 Fluid Octocure 462 Ootocure 803 Octosol SLS 30K Octowet 70D Octowet 70X Octowet 75PG ... 

Distillation. Most fatty acids are distilled to produce high quaHty products having exceUent color and a low level of impurities. Distillation removes odor bodies and low boiling unsaponifiable material in a light ends or heads fraction, and higher boiling material such as polymerized material, triglycerides, color bodies, and heavy decomposition products are removed as a bottoms or pitch fraction. The middle fractions sometimes can be used as is, or they can be fractionated (separated) into relatively pure materials such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. 

Palm kernel oil. The oil from pressing palm kernels contains triglycerides of stearic, myristic, oleic, palmitic, and lauric acids (the more common fatty acids) and is used in soap manufacture and as a dispersant and accelerator in polymerizations. 

Saturated fatty acids (no double bonds), such as myristic, palmitic, and stearic, make up two-thirds of milk fatty acids. Oleic acid is the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in milk, with one double bond. Triglycerides account for 98% of milk fat. The small amounts of mono-, diglycerides, and free fatty acids in fresh milk may be... 

As previously mentioned, the triglycerides found in biomass are esters of the triol, glycerol, and fatty acids (Fig. 3.6). These water-insoluble, oil-soluble esters are common in many biomass species, especially the oilseed crops, but the concentrations are small compared to those of the polysaccharides and lignins. Many saturated fatty acids have been identified as constituents of the lipids. Surprisingly, almost all the fatty acids that have been found in natural lipids are straight-chain acids containing an even number of carbon atoms. Most lipids in biomass are esters of two or three fatty acids, the most common of which are lauric (Cn), myristic (Cu), palmitic (Cia), oleic (Cis), and linoleic (Cis) acids. Palmitic acid is of widest occurrence and is the major constituent (35 to 45%) of the fatty acids of palm oil. Lauric acid is the most abundant fatty acid of palm-kemel oil (52%), coconut oil (48%), and babassu nut oil (46%). The monounsaturated oleic acid and polyunsaturated linoleic acid comprise about 90% of sunflower oil fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the dominant fatty acid in com oil (55%), soybean oil (53%), and safflower oil (75%). Saturated fatty acids of 18 or more carbon atoms are widely distributed, but are usually present in biomass only in trace amounts, except in waxes. 

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