Murine sarcoma virus

Balzarini J, Sobis H, Naesens L, Vandeputte M, De Clercq E. Inhibitory effects of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine and 3 -azido-2, 3 -dideoxy-thymidinc on tumor development in mice inoculated intracerebrally with Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Int J Cancer 1990 45 486-489. 

Papkoff, J., Verma, I. M., and Hunter, T. (1982). Detection of a transforming gene product in cells transformed by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell 29 417-426. 

Harvey murine sarcoma virus Ha-ras Guanine nucleotidebinding protein... 

Certain RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, have also proven capable of inducing cancer. Retroviruses known to induce cancer in animals include Rous sarcoma virus, Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, avian myelocytomatosis virus, as well as various murine leukaemia viruses. Thus far, the only well-characterized human RNA transforming virus is that of human T cell lymphocytotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), which can induce adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). Identification of antigens uniquely associated with various tumour types, and identification of additional cancer-causing viruses, remain areas of very active research. 

Chang, E.H., Furth, M.E., Scolnick, E.M., and Lowry, D.R. (1982). Tbmorigenic transformation of manunaliEtn cells induced by a normal human gene homologous to the oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus, Nature 297,474. 

Numerous structural modification studies of ellipticine have been conducted. It is found that side-chain substitution has considerable influence on the biological activity to compounds of this type. A pyridopyrrolo[2,3-g]iso-quinoline derivative, BD-40 (48) [235, 236], has demonstrated potent activity against many different experimental tumours including leukaemia L1210 and the Friend virus leukaemia. It is also active against the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus [237]. Phase I clinical study of (48) has been conducted [238, 239]. 

In a similar way, sarcoma growth factors (SGFs e.g. ESG) can be obtained by the serum-free cultivation of murine sarcoma virus transformed 3T3 cells or transformed rat kidney cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is produced in excess by the human melanoma cell line A375 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is secreted by fibrosarcoma cells (Todaro et al., 1979). 

Acute transforming retroviruses are a unique subset of retroviruses that have acquired the ability to produce cancer in rodents and avian species in a relatively short time period (several weeks). Examples of acute transforming retroviruses include the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which produces sarcomas in chickens, and the Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV), which produces sarcomas in rats and mice. Studies utilizing RSV provided the first evidence that cellular genes, now termed oncogenes, exist in vertebrate cells. 

Antiviral activities Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition of Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition of murine sarcoma virus Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition to Rauscher virus NIH/3T3 cells Inhibition of herpes simplex virus Inhibition of potato x virus... 

Willumsen, B.M., Norris, K., Papageorge, A.G., Hubbert, N.L., and Lowy, D.R. (1984). Harvey murine sarcoma virus p21 ras protein biological and biochemical significance of the cysteine nearest the carboxy terminus. EMBO J 3 2581-2585. 

Wei C M, Gibson M, Spear P G, et al. (1981). Construction and isolation of a transmissible retrovirus containing the src gene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus and the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol. 39 935-944. 

Rifamycins are microbial-derived macrolides that were isolated in 1957 from the actinomycete Streptomyces mediterranei, obtained from the soil of the pine forests of southern France [18]. Of these, rifamycin B (306) is the least toxic. Addition of diethylbarbituric acid to the fermentation medium results in the production of 306 only. Rifampicin is the C3-hydazone semisynthetic derivative of rifamycins. Rifamycins show in vitro and in vivo anti-poxyviruses, e.g., VV activities [18]. These activities are apparently due to inhibition of the early step of viral morphogenesis which affects the assembly of immature viral particles. The inhibitory activity of rifamycins on retroviruses is also reported [18]. Many natural and semisynthetic rifamycins inhibit the virion RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RT) [18]. Rifamycin B (306) was reported active against murine sarcoma virus (MSV) due to its RT, focus formation and cell transformation inhibitory activities [18]. Rifamycin antibiotics also inhibit the RT of Rauuscher leukemia virus, preventing its leukomogenic activity [18]. 

Mice Cytomegalovirus Murine Sarcoma Virus Measles Virus Newcastle Disease Virus Pokeweed Antiviral Proteins Pseudorabies Virus Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reverse Transcriptase Sindbis Virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccinia Virus Varicella Zoster Virus... 

The individual (/ ) and (5) enantiomers of 2-phosphonomethoxypropyl (PMP), 3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl (HPMP) and 3-fluoro-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl (FPMP) derivatives (44) and (45) of adenine, 2-aminopurine, 2, 6-diaminopurine, and guanine have been prepared and tested against HIV and Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV). Of these (/ )-PMPDAP emerged as the most potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral agent reported so far. 

Viral disruption of MHC transcriptional control is not a unique phenomenon. Murine hepatitis virus and Kirsten murine sarcoma virus block MHC class 11 transcription within infected cells (Joseph et al. 1991). Infection of murine macrophages with the parasite Leishmania donovani or with mycobacteria inhibits IFN-y-stimulated MHC class II induction (Kwan et al. 1992). Recently, it was shown that chlamydia inhibits IFN-y-inducible MHC class II expression by degrading USF-1 (Zhong et al. 1999). 

The route of pyran administration is important, because intravenous pyran can stimulate Friend leukemia virus activity in contrast to intraperitoneal pyran, which is inhibitory (Schuller, Morahan, and Snodgrass, 1973). Paradoxically, certain murine sarcoma virus induced tumors are stimulated by pyran as well as other interferon inducers (Gazdar et al, 1972). This stimulation may be related to the ability of pyran to induce hepato-splenomegaly or splenomegaly in normal mice. 

Chang, E. H., Ellis, R. W., Scolnick, E. M., and Lowy, D. R., 1980, Transformation by cloned Harvey murine sarcoma virus DNA. Efficiency increased by long terminal repeat DNA, Science 210 1249-1251. 

Kriegler, M., and Botchan, M., 1983, Enhanced transformation by a simian virus 40 recombinant virus containing a Harvey murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 325-339. 

Laimins, L. A., Khoury, G., Gorman, C., Howard, G., and Gruss, P., 1982, Host-specific activation of transcription by tandem repeats from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 6453-6457. 

Spandidos, D. A., and Wilkie, N. M., 1983, Host specificities of papillomavirus, Moloney murine sarcoma virus, and SV40 enhancer sequences, EMBOJ. 2 1193-1199. 

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