Enhanced transformation

Small, M. B., Y. Gluzman, and H. L. Ozer. 1982. Enhanced transformation of human fibroblasts by origin-defective simian virus 40. Nature 296(5858) 671-2. 

Syrian hamster embryo cells Enhanced transformation by SA7 adenovi res No data - Hatch et al. 1983... 

Few split-dose experiments have been performed with chemicals. Popescu et aL (1984) observed that with split doses of carcinogen separated by 2 to 24 hours only N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide enhanced transformation of Syrian hamster embryo ceUs while doses of N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, mitomycin C or ultraviolet light were less effective than single doses, and no effect of dose fractionation was observed with methyl methanesulfonate. 

Kohler, H.-P. E., D. Kohler-Staub, and D. D. Focht, Cometabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls, enhanced transformation of Arochlor 1254 by growing cells , Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 1940-1945 (1988). 

Kohler, H-P. E., Kohler-Staub, D. Focht,D.D. (1988a). Cometabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls enhanced transformation of Aroclor 1254 by growing bacterial cells. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54, 1940-5. 

Abstract An overview of the application of microwave irradiation in natural product synthesis is presented, focusing on the developments in the last 5-10 years. This contribution covers the literature concerning the total synthesis of natural products and their analogues, the synthesis of alkaloids and the construction of building blocks of interest for natural product synthesis. As microwave irradiation appeared on the scene only recently, we are at an early stage of its application in natural product chemistry, even though some nice examples have been communicated recently. The application of dedicated microwave instruments as well as domestic microwave ovens is discussed, giving emphasis to the microwave-enhanced transformations. 

Kowalski LA, Tsang S-S, Davison AJ. 1996. Arsenic and chromium enhance transformation of bovine papillomavirus DNA-transfected C3H/10T1/2 cells. Cancer Lett 103 65-69. 

Bioremediation enhances natural transformation by optimizing the conditions necessary for the process. The process is carried out by organisms capable of degrading the compounds. Both anaerobic and aerobic conditions may be involved in enhancing transformation. Commonly, four possible approaches for bioremediation of hazardous contaminants are employed ... 

Acute hepatotoxicity has been reported with isoflurane (14). The authors hypothesized that induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenytoin had caused enhanced transformation of isoflurane to trifluoroacetic acid. They suggested that caution should be taken in the use of halogenated anesthetics in patients taking drugs that induce cytochrome P-450 isozymes. 

Perocco P, MazzuUo M, Broccoli M, Rocchi P, Ferreri AM, Paolini M. Inhibitory activity of vitamin E and alpha-naphthoflavone on beta-carotene-enhanced transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells by benzo(a)pyrene and cigarette-smoke condensate. Mutat Res 2000 465(l-2) 151-8. 

MTD significantly decreased incorporation of [ C]acetate into triacylglycerol and free fatty acid compared with myristic acid [7], Decreased [ C]acetate incorporation was also noted with CLA, but to a lower extent compared with 13-MTD. Myristic acid enhanced transformation of free fatty acid into triacylglycerols more than did 13-MTD or CLA. 13-MTD decreased cholesterogenesis in breast cancer cells and decreased fatty acid biosynthesis. 

Finally, the experimental results of electrically enhanced transformations on clay surfaces were presented and discussed in the framework of an electrochemical model. The data appeared to support the hypothesis that faradic current passage orthogonal to the planes in the electric double layer of clay particles may drive forth redox reactions on clay surfaces. 

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 122(3) 186-196. Alshawabkeh AN, Sarahney H. (2005). Effect of current density on enhanced transformation of naphthalene. Environmental Science and Technology 39 5837-5843. 

Another case of hydrogen-related second-phase embrittlement has been postulated to occur in metastable austenitic stainless steels, such as types 304 and 316[152-154]. The premise is that hydrogen enhances transformation of the austenitic phase to martensitic phases. Although there is evidence that martensites are present at the fracture surfaces of hydrogen embrittled metastable stainless steels, it has not been shown whether these phases are required for fracture or whether they result from the enhanced deformation caused by hydrogen. 

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosylation) by benzamide (BA) or 3-amino-benzamide (3AB) for a brief period (i.e., during which ADP-ribosylation following DNA damage is elevated in untreated cells) during MNNG-induced DNA damage to BALB/3T3 cells significantly (3-30-fold) enhanced transformation frequency (Table 1). 

We have shown that the ability of SAB to enhance transformation is (a) chemically dependent (b) dose dependent and (c) time dependent. 

Compounds of antimony have not been assayed for mutagenicity in mammalian cells. Sb(III) was shown to enhance transformation by SA7 virus (Casio et al. 1979). Because antimonite resembles arsenite, and can induce arsenite tolerance (Wang and Rossman 1993), one might speculate that antimonite could have a comutagenic effect similar to that of arsenite. 

Tungsten W(VI) enhanced transformation of SA7 virus (Casio et al. 1979) and induced the E. coli SOS system (Table 1). 

Kriegler, M., and Botchan, M., 1983, Enhanced transformation by a simian virus 40 recombinant virus containing a Harvey murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 325-339. 

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