METHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER

Acrylonitrile—methyl acrylate—iadene terpolymers, by themselves, or ia blends with acrylonitrile—methyl acrylate copolymers, exhibit even lower oxygen and water permeation rates than the iadene-free copolymers (110,111). Terpolymers of acrylonitrile with iadene and isobutjlenealso exhibit excellent barrier properties (112), and permeation of gas and water vapor through acrylonitrile—styrene—isobutjleneterpolymers is also low (113,114). 

Copolymers of vinyUdene chloride and methyl acrylate have been studied by x-ray techniques (75). For example, the long period (lamellar thickness) for an 8.5 wt % methyl acrylate copolymer was found to be 9.2 nm by smaH-angle x-ray scattering. The unit cell is monoclinic, with a = 0.686 and c = 1.247 nm by wide-angle x-ray scattering. 

An example of this improvement in toughness can be demonstrated by the addition of Vamac B-124, an ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer from DuPont, to ethyl cyanoacrylate [24-26]. Three model instant adhesive formulations, a control without any polymeric additive (A), a formulation with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (B), and a formulation with Vamac B-124 (C), are shown in Table 4. The formulation with PMMA, a thermoplastic which is added to modify viscosity, was included to determine if the addition of any polymer, not only rubbers, could improve the toughness properties of an alkyl cyanoacrylate instant adhesive. To demonstrate an improvement in toughness, the three formulations were tested for impact strength, 180° peel strength, and lapshear adhesive strength on steel specimens, before and after thermal exposure at 121°C. 

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

Other commercially relevant monomers have also been modeled in this study, including acrylates, styrene, and vinyl chloride.55 Symmetrical a,dienes substituted with the appropriate pendant functional group are polymerized via ADMET and utilized to model ethylene-styrene, ethylene-vinyl chloride, and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers. Since these models have perfect microstructure repeat units, they are a useful tool to study the effects of the functionality on the physical properties of these industrially important materials. The polymers produced have molecular weights in the range of 20,000-60,000, well within the range necessary to possess similar properties to commercial high-molecular-weight material. 

TABLE IX. EFFECTIVENESS OF DIMETHYLAMINOETHYLACRYLATE METHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS AS... 

B.A. Howell and B.B.S. Sastry, Degradation ofVinylidene Chloride / Methyl Acrylate Copolymers in the Presence of Phosphines , Proceedings, 22nd North American Thermal Analysis Society Meeting, pp. 122- 127, (1993). 

EMA (ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer) Optema EMA Atofina Exxon-Mobil... 

Table 1. TLC developments of styrene-methyl acrylate copolymers with single solvents...

A similar but smaller intramolecular quenching effect was seen by Phillips and co-workers 44,4S) for 1-vinylnaphthalene copolymers incapable of excimer fluorescence. The monomer fluorescence lifetime of the 1-naphthyl group in the methyl methacrylate copolymer 44) was 20% less than the lifetime of 1-methylnaphthalene in the same solvent, tetrahydrofuran. However, no difference in lifetimes was observed between the 1-vinylnaphthalene/methyl acrylate copolymer 45) and 1-methylnaphthalene. To summarize, the nonradiative decay rate of excited singlet monomer in polymers, koM + k1M, may not be identical to that of a monochromophoric model compound, especially when the polymer contains quenching moieties and the solvent is fluid enough to allow rapid intramolecular quenching to occur. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Mohanty S, Santra RN, Nando GB (1997) Reactive blending of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer and poly-dimethyl siloxane rubber kinetics studies from infrared spectroscopy. Adv Poly Technol 16(4) 323—329... 

Santra RN et al. (1993) Thermogravimetric studies on miscible blends of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) and polydimethylsiloxane rubber (PDMS). Ther-mochim Acta 219(1—2) 283—292... 

Santra RN et al. (1993) In-situ compatibilization of low-density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane rubber blends using ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer as a chemical compatibilizer. J Appl Poly Sci 49(7) 1145-1158... 

Estimate if separation occurs between coating and substrate in the case where flame-treated polypropylene film, coated with vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymer is immersed in a solution of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (concentration 0.5%). The data of polymer, coating and liquid are the following (determined in separate... 

Table 6. Kinetic data for 1-vinyl naphthalene - methyl acrylate copolymers ...

Glycidyl methacrylate has also been grafted to polyethylene and to poly(ethylene-co-propylene) using peroxides in extruders.87 The reactive group need not be pendant. It can be part of a copolymer. Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers have been reacted with ammonia and with amines in extruders.88... 

McHugh and coworkers describe the fractionation of various poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers using supercritical propane, propylene, 1-butene, and chlorodifluoromethane (Meilchen, Hasch, and McHugh, 1991 Pratt, Lee, and McHugh, 1993). The objective of their work was to extend the work of Krukonis and coworkers (Scholsky et al., 1987 Watkins and Krukonis, 1991) who demonstrated the ability of fractionating by chemical composition of the polymer as well as molecular weight. This concept is also described with other polymer-SCF solvent systems in the next few sections of this chapter. 

Table 9.5 lists the properties of the four poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers (30,40,60,70 wt% methyl acrylate, EMA30/70, EMA40/60, EMA60/40, EMA70/30, respectively). As ethylene repeat units are replaced with methyl acrylate units the copolymer becomes very polar. The size and polarizability of a... 

Table 9.6 Physical Properties (Reid, Prausnitz, and Poling, 1987) of the Five Solvents Used to Fractionate Poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers. The Polarizability is a (Miller and Savchik, 1979), and the Dipole Moment is ft...

Emac. [Chevron] Ethylm methyl acrylate copolymers re for inj. moM-ing, blown film, ctmqxMinding, and extrusion qqilies. 

Figure 25. Steady shear viscosity variation with shear rate for 15% styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer suspension in a 2 wt% PAA solution (171).

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