Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile

CTPB = carboxy-terminated polybutadiene HTPB = hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene PBAN = polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile and PBAA = polybutadiene-acrylic acid. 

Iwai and coworkers [56] have introduced a novel type of multicomponent photoinitiating system for water-soluble monomer (acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, etc). 

The influence of ambient aging at 70°F and accelerated aging at 160°F on the stress-strain behavior of carboxy-terminated polybutadiene, polybutadiene-acrylic acid, polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile, and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene composite propints is shown in Figures 10 and 11. The elastomers and curative agents for these formulations are listed below... 

II. B polyethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, polystyrene, diisocyanates (urethanes), polyvinylchloride, chloroprene, THF, diglycolide, dilac-tide, <5-valerolactone, substituted e-caprolactones, 4-vinyl anisole, styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate. In addition to these species, many copolymers have been prepared from oligomers of PCL. In particular, a variety of polyester-urethanes have been synthesized from hydroxy-terminated PCL, some of which have achieved commercial status (9). Graft copolymers with acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and styrene have been prepared using PCL as the backbone polymer (60). 

Radiation Induced Reactions. Graft polymers have been prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) by the irradiation of the polymer-monomer system and some other methods. The grafted side chains reported include acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, ethylene, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl pyridine and vinyl pyrrolidone (13). Poly(vinyl alcohols) with grafted methyl methacrylate and sometimes methyl acrylate have been studied as membranes for hemodialysis (14). Graft polymers consisting of 50% poly(vinyl alcohol), 25% poly(vinyl acetate) and 25% grafted ethylene oxide units can be used to prepare capsule cases for drugs which do not require any additional plasticizers (15). 

List C contains peroxidisable monomers, where the presence of peroxide may initiate exothermic polymerisation of the bulk of material. Precautions and procedures for storage and use of monomers with or without the presence of inhibitors are discussed in detail. Examples cited are acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, butadiene, 2-chlorobutadiene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, methyl methacrylate, styrene, tetraflu-oroethylene, vinyl acetate, vinylacetylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinylpyridine [1]. 

Terri vales Acrylic acid Acrylonitrille Acrylamide fibers, and resins... 

Vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, styrene, acrylic acids, acrylonitrile, the acrylates, propylene, acrolein. 

Note Acrylamide may contain the following impurities acetamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, copper, formaldehyde, hydroquinone, methylacrylamide, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, peroxide, propanamide, and sulfate. When acrylamide is produced using a copper catalyt, copper salts may be added to aqueous solutions at concentrations >2 ppm (NICNAS, 2002). Commercial solutions 30-50%) are usually inhibited with copper salts to prevent polymerization. In addition, solutions containing oxygen will prevent polymerization. 

The susceptibility order of monomers to mechanosynthesis (acrylic acid > acrylonitrile > methacrylamide > acenaphthylene > maleic anhydride) is consistent with related chemistry. Maleic anhydride, which has the lowest susceptibility and is not homopolymerizable, probably combines as a single monomer unit... 

Was used in prepn of acrylate resins and of other copolymers and polymers. Acrylate resins are thermoplastic polymers or polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid, esters of these acids or acrylonitrile. Acrylic acid acrylonitrile and their derivatives are described in Vol 1 of Encycl, pp A96-R A97. Methacrylic acid is a-methylacrylic acid,... 

PBAN DENOTES POLYBUTADIENE ACRYLIC ACID ACRYLONITRILE... 

The rockets with solid composite propellants consisting of ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer), pulverized aluminum powder, special additives and binder-cum-fuel such as poly(butadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile (PBAN), carboxy-terminated... 

India s four-stage Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3) which put the Rohini Satellite in orbit on July 18, 1980 used a composite propellant based on terpolymer of butadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile (PBAN) for the first and second stage motors whereas LTPB-based composite propellant was used for the third and fourth stage motors [6]. 

PBAN Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile)... 

PBAN Polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile terpolymer... 

Copolymers. Vinyl acetate copolymenzes easily with a few monomers, e g, ethylene, vinyl chloride, and vinyl neodecanoate, which have reactivity ratios close to its own. Block copolymers of vinyl acetate with methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and vinyl pyrrolidinone have been prepared by copolymerization in viscous conditions, with solvents that are poor solvents for the vinyl acetate macroradical,... 

Further expts were conducted on candidate proplnts for space environments. Horton (Ref 112) subjected a urethane-based propint, a polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile based propint, and a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene based proplnt to 1.5 x 107 R, as well as to high and low temp and pressure. The data indicated that the urethane proplnt withstood the tests best. Scott et al (Ref 126) conducted tests on two polycarbutene solid proplnts which were irradiated to 107 R and subjected to high vacuum exposure as a function of temp without much change... 

The Michael addition mechanism, whereby sulfur nucleophiles react with organic molecules containing activated unsaturated bonds, is probably a major pathway for organosulfur formation in marine sediments. In reducing sediments, where environmental factors can result in incomplete oxidation of sulfide (e.g. intertidal sediments), bisulfide (HS ) as well as polysulfide ions (S 2 ) are probably the major sulnir nucleophiles. Kinetic studies of reactions of these nucleophiles with simple molecules containing activated unsaturated bonds (acrylic acid, acrylonitrile) indicate that polysulfide ions are more reactive than bisulfide. These results are in agreement with some previous studies (30) as well as frontier molecular orbital considerations. Studies on pH variation indicate that the speciation of reactants influences reaction rates. In seawater medium, which resembles pore water constitution, acrylic acid reacts with HS at a lower rate relative to acrylonitrile because of the reduced electrophilicity of the acrylate ion at seawater pH. 

Group 3 — Test every 12 months Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Butadiene Chloroprene Chlorotrifluoroethene Methyl methacrylate Styrene... 

Hydroxy-propionic acid 1,3-Propanediol, acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, L-alanine, L-serine, malonic acid, propiolactone, poly(3-HP), poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxypropionic acid) Polymers, fine chemicals Cao et al., 1999 Werpy and Petersen, 2004 Zhang etal., 2004 Patel etal., 2006... 

The radical polymerization in aqueous solution of a series of monomers—e.g., vinyl esters, acrylic and methacrylic acids, amides, nitriles, and esters, dicarboxylic acids, and butadiene—have been studied in a flow system using ESR spectrometry. Monomer and polymer radicals have been identified from their ESR spectra. fi-Coupling constants of vinyl ester radicals are low (12-13 gauss) and independent of temperature, tentatively indicating that the /3-CH2 group is locked with respect to the a-carbon group. In copolymerization studies, the low reactivity of vinyl acetate has been confirmed, and increasing reactivity for maleic acid, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and fumaric acid in this order has been established by quantitative evaluation of the ESR spectra. This method offers a new approach to studies of free radical polymerization. 

Vinyl monomers that can be grafted to cellulose to achieve adhesive properties are acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and many others. Graft copolymers of cellulose derivatives have also found use as adhesives. For example, vinylacetate-grafted hydroxyethylcellulose can be used as an adhesive for packaging and tile ( ). Grafting of vinyl monomers onto lignocellulosic materials can convert them into suitable adhesive materials (0). 

Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile n-Butyl acrylate n-Butyl methacrylate 4-Chlorostyrenc Divinyl benzene Dodecyl methacrylate Ethyl acrylate Ethylene dimethacrylate... 

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