Mass spectrometry ions production

The identity of GSH conjugates may be determined to a limited degree by mass spectrometry using product ion scanning techniques. However, these are often quite uninformative as one or two fragment ions tend to dominate the mass spectrum and localization of the conjugate onto either one portion of the molecule or another is all that can be delineated. For further structural work additional techniques are required. 

Leclercq, L. et al., IsoScore Automated localization of biotransformations by mass spectrometry using product ion scoring of virtual regioisomers, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 23(1), 39, 2008. 

Environment. Detection of environmental degradation products of nerve agents directly from the surface of plant leaves using static secondary ion mass spectrometry (sims) has been demonstrated (97). Pinacolylmethylphosphonic acid (PMPA), isopropylmethylphosphonic acid (IMPA), and ethylmethylphosphonic acid (EMPA) were spiked from aqueous samples onto philodendron leaves prior to analysis by static sims. The minimum detection limits on philodendron leaves were estimated to be between 40 and 0.4 ng/mm for PMPA and IMPA and between 40 and 4 ng/mm for EMPA. Sims analyses of IMPA adsorbed on 10 different crop leaves were also performed in order to investigate general apphcabiflty of static sims for... 

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a method for obtaining sequence and structural information by measurement of the mass-to-charge ratios of ionized molecules before and after dissociation reactions within a mass spectrometer which consists essentially of two mass spectrometers in tandem. In the first step, precursor ions are selected for further fragmentation by energy impact and interaction with a collision gas. The generated product ions can be analyzed by a second scan step. MS/MS measurements of peptides can be performed using electrospray or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in combination with triple quadruple, ion trap, quadrupole-TOF (time-of-flight), TOF-TOF or ion cyclotron resonance MS. Tandem... 

One of the chief reasons for the recent extensive work in this field has been the recognition that ion-molecule reactions are highly relevant to radiation chemistry. The possibility that certain simple reactions, such as the formation of H3+, participate in the mechanism of product formation was appreciated much earlier 14), but wider applicability of this concept required that the generality of such reactions be demonstrated by an independent, unequivocal method. Mass spectrometry has been the predominant means of investigating ion-molecule reactions. The direct identification of reactant and product ions is appealing, at least in part, because of the conceptual simplicity of this approach. However, the neutral products of ion-molecule reactions cannot be determined directly and must be inferred. Gross chemical measurements can serve as an auxiliary technique since they allow identification of un-... 

Ion-Molecule Reactions. The list of ion-molecule reactions observed by mass spectrometry is highly impressive at this time we can easily count several hundred. Most of these were observed at relatively low pressures and in the presence of a draw-out or pusher field in the ionization chamber. Using this information to account for the radiation chemical product distribution requires one to recognize its restrictions to this use. 

The MS-MS equivalent of this technique is known as selected-decomposition monitoring (SDM) or selected-reaction monitoring (SRM), in which the fragmentation of a selected precursor ion to a selected product ion is monitored. This is carried out by setting each of the stages of mass spectrometry to transmit a single ion, i.e. the precursor ion by MSi and the product ion by MS3 (see Figure 3.8 above). 

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