Products calculating mass

Refrigerating capacity is the product of mass flow rate of refrigerant m and refrigerating effect R which is (for isobaric evaporation) R = hevaporator outlet evaporator mJef Powei P required foi the coiTipressiou, necessary for the motor selection, is the product of mass flow rate m and work of compression W. The latter is, for the isentropic compression, W = hjisehatge suction- Both of thoso chai acteristics could be calculated for the ideal (without losses) and for the ac tual compressor. ideaUy, the mass flow rate is equal to the product of the compressor displacement per unit time and the gas density p m = p. 

In principle the heat required to bring the material up to its processing temperature may be calculated in the case of amorphous polymers by multiplying the mass of the material (IP) by the specific heat s) and the difference between the required melt temperature and ambient temperature (AT). In the case of crystalline polymers it is also necessary to add the product of mass times latent heat of melting of crystalline structures (L). Thus if the density of the material is D then the enthalpy or heat required ( ) to raise volume V to its processing temperature will be given by ... 

Consider the combustion of ethane (C H ) in pure oxygen. If 100 lb of ethane are available and 10% excess oxygen is supplied to ensure complete combustion, calculate (1) the amount of oxygen supplied, and (2) compositions of the reactants and products on mass and molal bases. 

The principal reason for writing balanced equations is to make it possible to relate the masses of reactants and products. Calculations of this sort are based on a very important principle ... 

The theoretical yield of a reaction is the maximum quantity (amount, mass, or volume) of product that can be obtained from a given quantity of reactant. The quantities of products calculated from a given mass of reactant in Section L were all theoretical yields. The percentage yield is the fraction of the theoretical yield actually produced, expressed as a percentage ... 

To calculate the force exerted by a single molecule, we use Newton s second law of motion force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of a particle (Section A). Momentum is the product of mass and velocity so, if a molecule of mass m is traveling with a velocity vx parallel to the side of the box that we are calling x, then its linear momentum before it strikes the wall on the right is mvx. Immediately after the collision, the momentum of the molecule is mvx because the velocity has changed from vx to —vx. 

X 10 J of energy or by emission of positrons with 1.04 X 10 J of energy, (a) Write the two decay reactions, (b) Calculate the molar masses of the two elemental products using mass-energy equivalence. 

The general criteria for an experimental investigation of the kinetics of reactions at liquid-liquid interfaces may be summarized as follows known interfacial area and well-defined interfacial contact are essential controlled, variable, and calculable mass transport rates are required to allow the transport and interfacial kinetic contributions to the overall rate to be quantified direct interfacial contact is preferred, since the use of a membrane to support the interface adds further resistances to the overall rate of the reaction [14,15] a renewable interface is useful, as the accumulation of products at the interface is possible. Finally, direct measurements of reactive fluxes at the interface of interest are desirable. 

Applications Lattimer [37] has reported high-resolu-tion measurements (measured and calculated mass, atomic composition) of product scans of several PP additives (Irganox 1076/3114, Tinuvin 144/622/770, Goodrite 3150, Chimassorb 944) using a sector mass spectrometer of BEoQ geometry. Figure 6.2 and Table 6.8... 

Allyl alcohol can be produced by the hydrolysis of allyl chloride. Together with the main product, allyl alcohol, di-ally ether is produced as a by-product. The conversion of allyl chloride is typically 97 per cent and the yield to alcohol 90 per cent, both on a molar basis. Assuming that there are no other significant side reactions, calculate masses of alcohol and ether produced, per 1000 kg of allyl chloride fed to the reactor. 

Example On oxidation of 50.0 g of ethanol, 59.0 g of ethanoic acid were obtained. Calculate the percentage yield of the product (molar masses ethanol C2H5OH = 46.0gmor, ethanoic acid CH3CO2H = 60. Ogmoh1). 

Let us return to the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)(l,3-C4H6)2. Once the calibration constant is known, the enthalpy of the net process 9.10 can be calculated as the product of s and the area (A + B). The next step is to correct this value to 298.15 K by using heat capacity data. This exercise is, however, complicated by the cyclobutadiene polymerization. Brown et al. analyzed the reaction products by mass spectrometry and found several oligomers, in particular the dimer (C4H6)2 and the trimer (C4H6)3 [163]. With such a mixture, it is difficult to ascribe the observed enthalpy change to a well-defined chemical reaction. This is discussed in the paper by Brown and colleagues, who were nevertheless able to recommend a value for the standard enthalpy of formation of the iron-olefin... 

M. Greenfeld described unique laboratory experiments designed to stimulate and understand the complex chemistry of in-situ coal gasification. Developed at the Alberta Research Council, the gasification simulator was heavily instrumented with calorimeters and gas chromatographs to determine the enthalpy, composition, and kinetics of formation of the product gases. Computer techniques were used to calculate mass and heat balances and to test kinetic models. 

The predicted creatinine production rate in women is 85% of the calculated value, because they have a smaller muscle mass per kilogram and it is muscle mass that determines creatinine production. Muscle mass as a fraction of body weight decreases with age, which is why age appears in the Cockcroft-Gault equation. ... 

Name the product obtained in Figure 27-3 when calcium salicylate monohydrate is heated to 550°C and to 1 000°C. Using the formula masses of these products, calculate what mass is expected to remain when 0.635 6 g of calcium salicylate monohydrate is heated to 550°C or 1 000°C. 

Assuming a bulk density of 1.05 g/cm3 and a dry weight fraction of 0.1 for the interface sediment, 0.38 mm of sediment would supply the observed 160-m water-column burden of resuspended phases, approximately half the basinwide average annual linear sedimentation. The corresponding amount of sediment was consistent with the mass of allochthonous components in the water column during the March-May spring mixing period (200-300 mg/m3). The quantity of resuspended P was calculated as the product of mass of resuspended sediment (g/m2) and phosphorus concentration in surface sediment (mg of P/g). For a 160-m water column, the amount was 48 mg of P/m2 (25 mg of P/m2 for the mean water-column depth of 85 m). The resuspended P flux (25 mg of P/m2) was also obtained from the product of resuspended Al (mg/m2) and the P Al ratio in bottom sediment. 

Fig. 14a-c. Effect of core rotation on the power consumption of the extrusion plant manufacturing polypropylene tube blanks a — power consumed for screw rotation (Ns) b — total power consumption of the plant (NfM) c — total power consumption calculated per unit of product s mass (q). Speed of core rotation, min-1 — 0 2 — 10 J — 20 4 — 30 5 - 40 6 — 50 7 — 60 8 - 70... 

Worked Example 3.18 shows a combustion analysis when the sample contains oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen. Because oxygen yields no combustion products, its presence in a molecule can t be directly detected by this method. Rather, the presence of oxygen must be inferred by subtracting the calculated masses of C and H from the total mass of the sample. 

You will notice that the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of product. This is true for any chemical reaction and it is known as the Law of conservation of mass. This law was understood by the Greeks but was first clearly formulated by Antoine Lavoisier in 1774. Chemists can use this idea to calculate masses of products formed and reactants used in chemical processes before they are carried out. 

All four of the proteomic technologies mentioned above (2D-PAGE, HPLC, MS, and protein arrays) are dependent on the use of bioinformatics as a tool for data mining and elucidation. Often, MS runs generate lists of thousands of potential peptide biomarkers, and only with the help of dedicated software tools can the data be analyzed. Computer searches involving databanks of peptides and proteins are used to compare the lists of masses of the proteolytic peptides to theoretical proteolytic products. Matches between the observed mass and the calculated mass can serve as a way of identifying proteins of interest [28-32],... 

Typical measurements were made on approximately 20pmol of compound. Automated data analysis routines provided (1) a quick survey of molecular weight based on [M + H]+ masses and (2) qualitative measure of best fit based on specific tolerances for the calculated mass and resulting MS/MS product ions. This automated approach greatly minimized the possibility of error. Unequivocal identification of structures using an automated computer analysis is obtained in about 80% of the cases with a mass measurement accuracy of <5 ppm. Manual interpretation of mass spectra was then carried out to identify the compounds in the remainder of the samples. 

Fisher and Lossing (1963) decomposed o-diiodobenzene at 960° and 10 3 torr in a reactor coupled to a mass spectrometer and found a product of mass 76, whose vertical ionization potential, 9 75 v.,was appreciably higher than calculated for open-chain C6H4 isomers and strongly indicated formation of benzyne. This assignment was supported by the formation of biphenylene, mass 152. 

The prediction of ab initio calculation on the ring expansion of TFIF, promoted by acylium ions, was confirmed by sequential product ion mass spectra collected after collision-induced dissociation (CID), which showed that tetrahydropyran failed to undergo six- to eight-membered ring expansion in reaction with [(Me)2N-C+=S] since its adduct (most likely the simple O-acylated ion) dissociated to regenerate exclusively the reactant ion [(Me)2N-C+=S] <2000CEJ897>. 

Excess hydrochloric acid was added to an aqneous solution of calcinm hydrogen carbonate, and the resnlting solntion was evaporated to dryness, which produced 2.29 g of solid product. Calculate the mass of calcium hydrogen carbonate in the original solntion. 

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