Manufacturing mass production

Phase 3 Market Expansion (10-20 years)-work will seek cost reductions of fuel cells through the development of large-scale manufacturing (mass production) continue hydrogen supply infrastructure development on a national level refinement of policy measures (fiscal and regulatory) and, continue support of RD D in areas of new advancements in hydrogen and fuel cells. 

According to Zoulias el al., 2006, water electrolysers have found to comprise a major cost factor in a complete hydrogen-based autonomous power system. In this case a cost of 8150 per N m3/h of hydrogen produced was used in our calculations. The high cost of commercial electrolysis units is attributed to the lack of mass production from all manufacturers. Mass production of electrolysis units is expected to result in a 50% reduction on the capital cost. Two sizes for electrolysis units have been considered in the analysis 3.2 N m3/h of hydrogen produced (16 kW) and 4.2 N m3/h of hydrogen produced (21 kW). The lifetime of the electrolysers was 20 years. 

We just cannot expect situations like golf clubs and tennis rackets for all consumer products because all products do not have those same built-in characteristics of the competitive edge. When we consider a car, we must be realistic and acknowledge that the car must have a price low enough for people to afford. Think back to the days of Henry Ford he made a car that could be sold for about 250, so that everyone could afford to have one. This affordability was the real beauty of his mass-production techniques. Everyone could afford to have a car, and then almost everyone did have one. In contrast, before Henry Ford, only the rich could afford an automobile. As soon as we get to the trade-off where composite materials will effectively compete in the automotive market place, we will see tremendously broader applications, but there are problems along the way. The manufacturing cost must be improved in order for those applications to ever come about. 

Most experts consider tlnn-film technology to be the future of the PV industiy because of the reduced material rec uirements, the reduced energy required to manufacture thin film devices, and the ability to manufacture thin films on a mass-production basis. 

From a practical review, perhaps it can be stated that buildings and construction materials are exposed to the most severe environments on earth, particularity when the long time factor is included. The environments include such conditions as temperature, ultraviolet, wind, snow, corrosion, hail, wear and tear, etc. Basically the following inherent potentials continue to be realized in different plastics ease of maintenance, light weight, flexibility of component design, combine with other materials, corrosion/abrasion/weather resistance, variety of colors and decorative appearance, multiplicity of form, ease of fabrication by mass production techniques, and total cost advantages (combinations of base materials, manufacture and installation). 

At least 30wt% percent of all extruded products are thermoformed. They have many advantages over other manufacturing methods. For the mass production of products (packaging, picnic dishes, cups, etc.) sheets and films can be produced in-line with... 

If both common law and statutory obligations incurred by a manufacturer of new chemicals are considered, there is a cradle to grave coverage with respect to health hazards, for obligations now arise with the birth of the chemical in the research laboratory and continue through its life in mass production, packaging, transportation, on to its final conversion into a new substance or final distribution or dissipation by the ultimate user. 

Decision as to possible health hazards in mass production preliminary information on type of hazard which might exist in mass manufacture Safety of equipment necessity for ventilation, safe atmospheric concentration selection of suitable physical protective devices for workers (respirators, protective clothing, showers) procedure for medical treatment in emergency if this requires special equipment Decision as to health services needed at plant plan of preventive medicine (including selection of workers according to expected degree of exposure and methods of periodic check on health)... 

The post-World War II years brought cheaper, mass-produced cars which seemed to have the same features as earlier luxury cars. Europe also moved its car manufacturing into a mass-production industry and introduced more efficient production methods in their factories. 

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