Market penetration

U.S. Market Penetration. Table 5 shows U.S. consumption of biomass energy ia 1990 and projected consumption for 2000 (10,11). The projected consumption for 2000 is about 50% greater than the consumption of biomass energy ia 1990. 

The market penetration of synthetic fuels from biomass and wastes in the United States depends on several basic factors, eg, demand, price, performance, competitive feedstock uses, government incentives, whether estabUshed fuel is replaced by a chemically identical fuel or a different product, and cost and availabiUty of other fuels such as oil and natural gas. Detailed analyses have been performed to predict the market penetration of biomass energy well into the twenty-first century. A range of from 3 to about 21 EJ seems to characterize the results of most of these studies. 

Projections of market penetrations and contributions to primary consumption of energy from biomass are subject to much criticism and contain significant errors. However, even though these projections may be incorrect, they are necessary to assess the future role and impact of renewable energy resources, and to help in deciding whether a potential renewable energy resource should be developed. 

Market penetration Produet extension Produet expansion... 

Do we have a quaUty process for rapid product development and market penetration Do we have a stream of product improvements Are we develop-ing common platforms for families of products (37) Are we developing improved processes concurrently with our new products How do we maintain our manufacturing processes at world-class levels (Fig. 5) (38) ... 

Dairy products (see Milk and milkproducts) have been staple items of the diet for many centuries, and have long been the target for imitation. The development of nutritional guidelines emphasizing the need to reduce total dietary fat, dietary cholesterol [57-88-5] C2yH4 0, and saturated fatty acids (see Fats and fatty oils Fat substitutes), has increased the interest in imitation dairy foods. However, with the exception of butter and cream the market penetration of dairy substitutes has been limited. 

In many respects it is not a particularly good rubber, but it has achieved a high market penetration on account of three factors ... 

The vast majority of reactive hot melts are moisture-curing urethane adhesives. Radiation (UV/EB) curable adhesives have been explored in the laboratory since the mid-1970s, but are only recently beginning to gain significant market penetration, particularly for PSA applications. The formulation and properties of these two classes of adhesives are discussed below. 

Most new hardware and software development in the EMCS market now aims at utilizing the full potential of EMCSs and at making the information obtained more usable and accessible. This accessibility has created a secondary benefit with a greater potential for custonier/utility communication. In many ways the EMCS evolution and market penetration in the industrial, commercial, and to a certain extent, residential markets, has equaled that of the personal computer. 

After years of testing, we realized that far simpler and quite inexpensive chargers can be used, especially when the charging is done more slowly, mainly overnight. Reliable chargers made from low-cost components are imperative for a worldwide market penetration. It was found that... 

Long development times are required for certification and market penetration. 

TES use can enhance the economic competitiveness of both energy suppliers and building owners. For example, one study for California [10] indicates that, assuming 20% statewide market penetration of TES, the following financial benefits can be achieved in the state ... 

At <10% market penetration, delivery costs from a central plant located some distance from the city are very high. During this period, local production will likely play an important role. Another alternative would be to utilize gaseous tube trailer delivery from nearby central hydrogen production facilities if such facilities exist near or in that urban area. This could be cost-effective if the ultimate tube trailer carrying capacity target of 1100 kg could be achieved. 

Current urban hydrogen delivery cost versus market penetration (Urban 250,000 k people, plant 100 km from the city gate)... 

Current rural hydrogen delivery cost versus market penetration... 

The cost of pipeline delivery drops rapidly as market penetration increases and tends to flatten out above 25%. The difference in delivery cost for a city of 1,000,000 and 250,000 people is not large. Although not shown, the costs for delivery for cities <250,000 people do start to increase significantly. 

Pipelines are the low-cost delivery pathway with current technology when the market penetration is >10%. 

In electric laundry dryers, it is important from an energy-saving point of view to ensure that as much water as possible is extracted from the laundry beforehand. With increasing market penetration of laundry dryers, the importance of the maximum spin speed in washing machines also increases. 

The retrospective implementation in machines already in use means that new process developments can be introduced much more quickly to many more machines and hence to a larger customer base, e.g. for a new special detergent. Until now, market penetration of new technology depended on the purchase of new machines, which slowed down the process considerably, given the long lifespan of modern washing machines. 

In all these roadmaps, the main application for hydrogen is seen in the transport sector. Most studies see an initial market penetration for the transport sector after 2010 and the development of a mass market after 2020. In 2050, the majority of... 

So the greatest challenges are in the mobile sector, but the pressure to act is much greater here as well, owing to oil scarcity, pollutants from vehicles, noise nuisance, etc. Compared with stationary applications, the alternative technologies in the mobile sector are also much poorer. This is why fuel-cell vehicles remain a possibility, despite the enormous sectoral changes that accompany this alternative. The question is when will they achieve market penetration One of the main obstacles that will have to be overcome is the attendant position of both the automobile industry and the infrastructure industry concerning the investment. Which one is prepared to... 

---