Current technologies

An extended reach well is loosely defined as having a horizontal displacement of at least twice the vertical depth. With current technology a ratio of over 4 (horizontal displacement / vertical depth) can be achieved. 

Exciting developments based on electromagnetic induction raced along from that time, giving us the sophisticated products our everyday lives depend on. During most of the period productive uses for eddy current technology were few and few people believed in it as a usefiil tool eddy currents caused power loss in electrical circuits and, due to the skin effect, currents flowed only in the outer surfaces of conductors when the user had paid for all the copper in the cable. The speedometer and the familiar household power meter are examples of everyday uses that we may tend to forget about. The brakes on some models of exercise bicycle are based on the same principle. 

The next phase which resulted in the worldwide acceptance of eddy current technology for testing metals was the work of Dr Friedrich Foerster. Dr Foerster, a modem Giant, has rightly been called the father of modern eddy current testing (Ref 5). His early work was driven by the priorities of the Second World War, after which he embarked upon major research and... 

After development of a new process scheme at laboratory scale, constmction and operation of pilot-plant faciUties to confirm scale-up information often require two or three years. An additional two to three years is commonly required for final design, fabrication of special equipment, and constmction of the plant. Thus, projections of raw material costs and availabiUty five to ten years into the future become important in adopting any new process significantly different from the current technology. 

M. L. Troedel, ed.. Current Technologies in Flexible Packaging ASTM Special Technical Publication 912, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1986. 

Although there are no new methane VPO competitive processes, current technology may be usehil for the production of impure methanol in remote areas for use as a hydrate inhibitor in natural gas pipelines (119,120). 

The primary goals of 1PM are (/) to determine how the life system of the pest needs to be modified to reduce the numbers to tolerable levels, ie, below the economic threshold (2) to apply biological knowledge and current technology to achieve the desired modification, ie, appHed ecology and (2) to devise procedures for pest control compatible with economic and environmental control aspects, ie, economic and social acceptance (9). 

P. N.. Dennis, Photodetectors An Introduction to Current Technology, Plenum Press, New York, 1986. 

M. J. Heim rich, S. Albu, and J. Osborne, Electrically Heated System Conversion on Two Current Technology Vehicles, SAE 910612, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1991. 

Technical limitations. Given the complexity of present manufacturing processes, waste streams exist that cannot be reduced with current technology. The need for continued research and development is evident. 

Kjerengtroen, L. and Comer, I. 1996 Probabilistic Methods in Design an overview of current technologies. SAE Paper No. 961793. 

Spotnitz, W.D., History of tissue adhesives. In Sierra, D. and Saltz, R. (Eds.), Surgical Adhesives and Sealants, Current Technology and Applications. Technomic, Lancaster, PA, 1996, pp. 3-11. 

Risk analysis is an assessment of tlie likelihood (probability) of an accidental release of a hazardous material and tlie actual consequences that might occur, based on tlie estimated vulnerable zones. The risk analysis is a judgment of probability and severity of consequences based on tlie history of previous incidents, local experience, and tlie best available current technological information. It provides an estimation of ... 

A considerable amount ot gas is located in areas of lower permeability or where the geology is poorly understood, making it more dilficnlt to earn a prnlit using current technology and production methods. New technology may open these sources to future developuient and production. 

Current technolog) allows the use of computer programs and data bases to construct an accurate and detailed flowsheet. This may be a process type diagram or a piping and mechanical/instrument diagram, depending on the input. See Figures 1-9, 1-10, 1-18A and 1-18B. 

Because it is concave and elliptical, the secondary mirror of a Gregorian telescope allows for simpler fabrication test set-ups, as a point-like source placed at one of the foci of the ellipse should be re-imaged aberration-free at the other focus. Convex hyperbolic mirrors require more complex set-ups. This disadvantage is usually more than balanced by the more compact arrangement, the savings implied by the shorter telescope structure and more compact enclosure offsetting the additional cost and complexity of the secondary mirror test set-up. This trade-off, however, applies in the context of current technology-... 

Besides the increase of reflections implied by Owl optical design, a price to pay for the spherical primary mirror solution is the difficulty to compensate for its spherical aberration, and in particular the horrendous aspherization of the quaternary mirror (which is conjugated to the primary). A possible test setup has been identified and the state of current technology allows for cautious hope industrial studies are however still required to confirm feasibility and evaluate implied cost and schedule. 

Several water-based chlorination treatments have been proposed, as their use do not require noticeable changes with respect to the current technology in the shoe industry. Bleach has been... 

It should therefore not be surprising that for relatively small-scale operations involving solids handling within the fine and intermediate chemicals industry, batch operation is preferred. Similarly, continuous processes that involve precipitation or crystallization, a common unit operation in fine chemicals, are rare. Small-scale examples are known, for instance, a continuous crystallization process was used by Bristol-Myres Squibb in order to improve dissolution rates and bioavailability of the product [12]. The above does indicate that not all process or parts thereof are suited for conversion from B2C, given the current technology. 

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