Energy from biomass

Pimentel, D., Moran, M.A., East, S., Weber, G., Bukantis, R., Balliett, L., Boveng, P., Cleveland, C., Hindman, S., Young, M., 1981. Biomass energy from crop and forest residues. Science 212 1110-1115. 

M. A. Ngan and A. S. H. Ong, Potential Biomass Energy from Palm Oil Industry, PORIM Bulletin No. 14, Research Institute, Malaysia, 1987, pp. 10-15. 

Do DT. Assessment of potential biomass energy from rice residues in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). In Paper presented at forum on energy and petrol investment and sustainable development May 09, 2013 [Hanoi, Viemam]. 

Beldman G, Voragen AGJ, Rombouts FM, Pilnik W, Derairbas A. 1982. Liquefaction and saccharification of agricultural biomass Effect of lignin content on aqueous liquefaction products of biomass. Energy from biomass Proceedings of the EC contractors meeting, Brussels. 41 1601-1607. 

Pimentel D et al (1981) Biomass energy from crop and forest residues. Science 312, 1110-1115. 

Table 6. Projected Biomass Energy Consumption in the United States from 2000 to 2030, EJ...

The market penetration of synthetic fuels from biomass and wastes in the United States depends on several basic factors, eg, demand, price, performance, competitive feedstock uses, government incentives, whether estabUshed fuel is replaced by a chemically identical fuel or a different product, and cost and availabiUty of other fuels such as oil and natural gas. Detailed analyses have been performed to predict the market penetration of biomass energy well into the twenty-first century. A range of from 3 to about 21 EJ seems to characterize the results of most of these studies. 

Projections of market penetrations and contributions to primary consumption of energy from biomass are subject to much criticism and contain significant errors. However, even though these projections may be incorrect, they are necessary to assess the future role and impact of renewable energy resources, and to help in deciding whether a potential renewable energy resource should be developed. 

Climate and Environmental Factors. The biomass species selected for energy appHcations and the climate must be compatible to faciUtate operation of fuel farms. The three primary climatic parameters that have the most influence on the productivity of an iadigenous or transplanted species are iasolation, rainfall, and temperature. Natural fluctuations ia these factors remove them from human control, but the information compiled over the years ia meteorological records and from agricultural practice suppHes a valuable data bank from which to develop biomass energy appHcations. Ambient carbon dioxide concentration and the availabiHty of nutrients are also important factors ia biomass production. 

Another factor is the potential economic benefit that may be realized due to possible future environmental regulations from utilizing both waste and virgin biomass as energy resources. Carbon taxes imposed on the use of fossil fuels in the United States to help reduce undesirable automobile and power plant emissions to the atmosphere would provide additional economic incentives to stimulate development of new biomass energy systems. Certain tax credits and subsidies are already available for commercial use of specific types of biomass energy systems (93). 

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