The Worldwide Market

The concept of ADHD and the use of stimulants to control the behavior of schoolchildren is beginning to spread from America across the world as drug companies vigorously seek new markets for their products (Kean, 2005, 2006). 

Here is how the online Pharmaceutical Business Review saw the growing ADHD market and its future as of September 2005 (Focusing attention on ADHD, 2005)  

In April, the World Federation for Mental Health launched an international campaign to improve the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD. While awareness of ADHD is increasing, the condition is still associated with significant social stigma, especially in conservative societies like Japan. Meanwhile, research shows that the American ADHD market dwarfs all others in terms of revenues. 

While over 20 million children globally have been diagnosed with ADHD, it is estimated that only 5-10% of children suffering are ever actually diagnosed.. .. Datamonitor research reveals that the American 

ADHD market overshadows all others, with 2004 revenues of over 2.5 billion—97% of ADHD drug revenues. 

---

The worldwide market for vascular grafts was approximately 150 million and growing at about 5% annuaUy as of 1995. The vascular graft area has tremendous market potential in development of smaU-diameter grafts of 3—4 mm for coronary bypass surgery. The total market for the intra-aortic baUoon pump, a cardiac-assist device, is ca 80 million worldwide. About 75,000 patients were supported by these baUoon pumps in 1994. This market is thought to have peaked. 

Radioactive tracers account for about 20% of the worldwide market for consumables and reagents for life science research. In 1994 the value was estimated at about 300 million. The principal fuU line manufacturers are Du Pont—NEN Research Products (Boston, Massachusetts) and Amersham International (Amersham, U.K.). These companies share roughly equaHy about 85% of the radiochemicals worldwide market. In addition to an extensive line of catalog products, these suppHers offer custom labeling and custom synthesis services. The rest of the market is shared by producers of a limited range of products or services, such as ICN Biomedicals (Costa Mesa, California) and American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, Missouri). 

The excellence of a properly formed Si02—Si interface and the difficulty of passivating other semiconductor surfaces has been one of the most important factors in the development of the worldwide market for siUcon-based semiconductors. MOSFETs are typically produced on (100) siUcon surfaces. Fewer surface states appear at this Si—Si02 interface, which has the fewest broken bonds. A widely used model for the thermal oxidation of sihcon has been developed (31). Nevertheless, despite many years of extensive research, the Si—Si02 interface is not yet fully understood. 

The worldwide market is approximately 3.0 bHHon in sales, with the pediatric portion accounting for about 35%. Basic, required childhood vaccines (DTP, poHo, measles /MMR, BCG, and TT) account for 3640 x 10 doses of this global market. In the United States doses distributed in the pediatric sector have risen from around 45 x 10 in 1982, covering basic, childhood vaccines, to around 75 x 10 in 1993 due primarily to the addition of vaccines for Haemophilus disease, hepatitis B, and a second dose of MMR to the recommended childhood series (144). The majority of vaccines for the U.S. market are... 

The worldwide market for coating powders increased at an aimualized growth rate of 12—13% in the 1980s. Moreover, worldwide coating powder usage for thermosetting decorative powders is expected to increase to 332,000 t by 1992, a 264% increase over the quantity sold in 1984 (75). A significant factor... 

For two decades, the Ethyl Corporation had controlled the worldwide market for the tetraethyl lead additive discovered by Thomas Midgley, Jr. (Chapter 6). Ethyl s 2 million annual advertising budget identified tetraethyl lead with baseball, football, and the American Way of Life. The company funded almost all the research about tetraethyl lead s effect on human health. As a result, research on tetraethyl lead had focused on safety in the factory workplace rather than on the health of the general population. 

Applications are expected to increase in the future. In 2000, a consortium of European companies estimated that the worldwide market in superconducting products will reach 22 billion by 2020. 

There are about 25,000 enzymes present in nature and about 400 have been commercialised mainly for stereoselective organic synthesis and also for the biotechnological production of flavour compounds. The worldwide market for enzymes is more than US 1 billion. 

Electrical, electronic, and technical appbcations use polycarbonates for a variety of purposes. The worldwide market is about 156,000 t annually. Because of excebent electrical properties (dielectric strength, volume resistivity), and resistance to heat and humidity, polycarbonate is used for electrical connectors (qv), telephone network devices, oudet boxes, etc. Polycarbonate had been popular for use in computer and business machine housings, but the use of neat resin has been largely supplanted by blends of polycarbonate with ABS. Overall, however, the total use of polycarbonate continues to increase. 

Since then, uses have shifted more toward civilian applications. Polysulfides have unusually good resistance to solvents and to the environment and good low temperature properties. This makes them particularly useful in a variety of sealant applications. For example, the outstanding resistance of polysulfides to petroleum (qv) products has made them the standard sealant for virtually all aircraft integral fuel tanks and bodies. Another important application is in insulating glass window sealants (qv). Sealants based on liquid polysulfides have had an excellent record since the 1950s and are the worldwide market leader in this application. 

Global consumption of thermoplastic rubbers of all types is estimated at about 600,000 t/yr (51). Of this, 42% was estimated to be consumed in the United States, 39% in Western Europe, and 19% in Japan. At present, the worldwide market is estimated to be divided as follows styrenic block copolymers, 48% hard polymer/elastomer combinations, 26% thermoplastic polyurethanes, 12% thermoplastic polyesters, 4% and others, 9%. The three largest end uses were transportation, 23% footwear, 18% and adhesives, coatings, etc, 16%. The ranges of the hardness values, prices, and specific gravities of commercially available materials are given in Table 4. 

In 1999, worldwide sales of omeprazole were 5.9 billion. By 2001, sales were 5.7 billion, and the worldwide market for ulcer drugs exceeded 14 billion. There are now five benzimidazole compounds available from a number of companies. Omeprazole went off patent in 2001 and is now available as generic drug. 

In order to expand the worldwide market, considerable efforts are being devoted to improve the image of Madeira wine. Consequently, their characteristics have to be well defined. So, in order to define and describe the particular characteristics and the authenticity of the product, secondary metabolites of grape and wines mainly linked to a specific variety, must be deeply studied. In Madeira wine, these compounds are mainly included in the chemical classes of mono and sesquiterpenoids C13 norisoprenoid higher alcohols, ethyl esters, volatile fatty acids, carbonyl compounds, sulfur compounds, furanic compounds, lactones, and polyphenols. 

Although research has been intense in the field of controlled drug delivery for the last 20 years, relatively few products are available on the market. In 1998, the worldwide market of drug delivery products was worth approximately US 30 billion, a modest share compared to the world market of pharmaceutics... 

Kalorama. 2008. The Worldwide Market for In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Tests, 6th ed. (with 2009 economy preface). Kalorama Information, www.kaloramainformation.com... 

As mentioned earlier, insulin accounts for about 50% of the worldwide market for diabetic drugs. The metabolism of carbohydrates is facilitated by insulin. Diabetes mellitus results if insulin is not properly produced in the body. Barfoed16 indicates that diabetes is the third largest cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Petrides et al.15 indicate that insulin is a two-chain polypeptide that consists of 51 amino acids. The A chain contains 21 amino acids, and the B chain contains 30 amino acids. These chains are connected by disulfide bonds. 

The worldwide market for SbF5 is about 15-20 tons/year. 

PLCs originated in the car industry in the 1970s where programmable logic devices were used to do repetitive tasks. Within the pharmaceutical industry, their use has evolved over the past 20 years as their processing power has increased. Complex nonrepetitive tasks are now routinely performed, and as a consequence PLCs are now used to control the majority of medium-sized manufacturing facilities. The worldwide market for PLCs has been estimated to be on the order of 3 billion. 

The pharmaceutical industry is presented in Chapter 10 as one of the most important sectors of healthcare worldwide. The discovery, the development, and the production of drugs are covered in this chapter. The chapter also includes the correlation between the growth in the worldwide market for pharmaceuticals and the increase of the world population as a result of higher life expectancy and changes in lifestyle. 

The U. S. chemical industry is the world s largest producer of chemicals (American Chemical Society et al, 1996). In 1995, total shipments were valued at 367 billion, or about 24% of the worldwide market, which was valued at 1.3 trillion. Japan, Germany, and France ranked next in total production. At that time, the United States was second in chemical exports, about 60.5 billion, or 14% of the total export market. The U.S. chemical industry had the largest trade surplus ( 20.4 billion) of all U.S. industry sectors and was the... 

---